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Effects of marble addition on the fresh, physical, mechanical, and optical microscopic properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer binders

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Abstract

To contribute to the reduction of the destruction of the ozone layer by greenhouse gases generated by carbon dioxide (CO2) related to the production of Portland cement clinker and at the same time to fight again the environmental disaster generated by Portland cement by its very high energy consumption, the depletion of our limestone deposits; the combined substitutions of metakaolin and marble in Portland cement were investigated in this study. To this end, we have substituted metakaolin by marble powders from 0 to 60% and then we activated these mixtures, i.e., metakaolin and marble powders with the combinations of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions at various molarities of 3 M, 5 M and 10 M. On these mixtures or samples, the setting times, compressive strength, linear shrinkage, water absorption and apparent density tests were conducted. The microstructure by optical microscopy analysis was also carried out. The findings revealed that the addition of marble below 50% leads to a decrease in the initial setting time with the increase in molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution while the apparent density of pastes increased. It is also shown that marble addition enhanced compressive strength of products contributed to the densification of the matrices of final products. Also, the results showed that up to 60% marble can substitute metakaolin in geopolymers; compressive strength had better properties when 10 M NaOH was used. The highest linear shrinkages were found at 45% and 60% of marble incorporated at 7 and 14 days of curing when 5 M NaOH was used. The best water absorptions were found at 15% of marble addition with all the three (3) molarities of 3 M, 5 M and 10 M NaOH.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa

    Théodore Gautier L. J. Bikoko

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Technical Teachers Training College, University of Douala, P.O. Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon

    Blaise Ngwem Bayiha

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Bikoko, T.G.L.J., Bayiha, B.N. Effects of marble addition on the fresh, physical, mechanical, and optical microscopic properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer binders. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-022-00960-3

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