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Effect of Combined Metakaolin and Basalt Powder Additions to Laterite-Based Geopolymers Activated by Rice Husk Ash (RHA)/NaOH Solution

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Abstract

The present study deals with the use of locally prepared rice husk ash (RHA)-based sodium silicate for alkaline activation of laterites (uncalcined (LNW) and calcined (LCA)). RHA-based activator (SSR) was prepared by adding as-collected RHA to 6 M NaOH at a solid/liquid mass ratio of 0.56. The various proportions of metakaolin (MK) and basalt powder (BA) influenced the final properties of the geopolymer products. After 28 days of curing at room temperature, XRD, SEM and FT-IR analyses were used to study the evolution phases. Uncalcined laterite-based formulations showed their highest compressive strength at 29.86 MPa with 20 wt.% of MK, whereas calcined ones showed the most elevated strength at 47.02 MPa, with the addition of 25 wt.% MK. Further additions above these thresholds tend to reduce strength and increase setting time. Substitution of calcined laterite with basalt powder permitted to control the porosity of samples at low values with the consequent reduction of strength. In general, the water absorption and apparent porosity decrease with addition of metakaolin in raw laterite-based formulations and relatively decrease with addition of basalt powder in calcined laterite-based formulations, while bulk density remains relatively constant. The locally produced RHA-based alkaline activator is efficient for laterite geopolymerization, resulting in products with robust mechanical and physical properties capable of fostering application in quality housing.

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Acknowledgments

The authors of this article wish to express their warmth gratitude to the African Academic of Science and the Royal Society of London for the FLAIR fellowship of African Academic of Science and the Royal Society N° FLR/R1/201402, which supported the characterization of samples. The authors also acknowledge the Local Materials Promotion Authorities (MIPROMALO) for giving access into their laboratory where raw materials’ preparation and formulations were carried out.

Funding

The characterization of samples was supported by Dr. Elie Kamseu, under the FLAIR fellowship of African Academic of Science and the Royal Society N° FLR/R1/201402,

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Paul Venyite, Eugene Charles Makone, Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze & Uphie Chinje Melo

  2. Local Materials Promotion Authority, MINRESI/MIPROMALO, |P.O. Box 2396, Yaoundé, Cameroon

    Paul Venyite, Eugene Charles Makone, Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze, Achile Nana, Juvenal Giogetti Deutou Nemaleu & Elie Kamseu

  3. Research Unit of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Dschang, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon

    Achile Nana

  4. Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, |University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Elie Kamseu & Cristina Leonelli

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  1. Paul Venyite
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  2. Eugene Charles Makone
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Contributions

Venyite Paul: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - original draft & Project administration. Eugene Charles Makone: Validation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization. Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze: Validation, Visualization, Methodology, Writing - review & editing. Achile Nana: Methodology & Writing - review & editing. Juvenal Giogetti Deutou Nemaleu: writing - review & editing. Elie Kamseu: Conceptualization, Supervision & Resources. Uphie Chinje Melo: Conceptualization & Supervision. Cristina Leonelli: Resources, Writing - review & editing.

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Correspondence to Paul Venyite, Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze or Elie Kamseu.

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Venyite, P., Makone, E.C., Kaze, R.C. et al. Effect of Combined Metakaolin and Basalt Powder Additions to Laterite-Based Geopolymers Activated by Rice Husk Ash (RHA)/NaOH Solution. Silicon 14, 1643–1662 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-00950-7

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