Abstract
An energy storage system (ESS) in electric railways can be installed on a train, at trackside, or at substations. The main purpose of the ESS application is to reduce energy demand and peak power with good voltage regulation. This paper presents a control strategy for efficient regenerative braking of a vehicle equipped with an on-board ESS (OBESS) and evaluates the effects on the energy consumption, voltage profile, and power drawn from substations and the OBESS during vehicle acceleration and braking. This proposed strategy is to store recovered braking energy into the OBESS and find appropriate positions to deliver its stored energy back in such a way that the peak demand of all the substations is cut. The Bangkok Transit System (BTS)-Sky Train Silom (Green) Line in Thailand is used as a case study. This system has a service distance of 13.649 km with 13 passenger stations and 7 traction substations. It employs 750-V DC rectifier substations to supply electric power through its 3rd rails. The results showed that the proposed strategy can cut the peak power at the substations approximately 75% and the overall energy consumption of the system can be reduced by 16%.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Ezee H, Tennakoon SB, Taylor I, Scheidecker D (2015) Aspects of catenary free operation of DC traction systems. In: 50th International Universities Conference on Power Engineering, Stoke on Trent, p 1–5
Arboleya P, Bidaguren P, Armendariz U (2016) Energy is on board: energy storage and other alternatives in modern light railways. IEEE Electrific Mag 4(3):30–41
Battistelli L, Ciccarelli F, Lauria D et al (2009) Optimal design of DC electrified railway stationary storage system. In: Int. Conf. Clean Electrical Power, Capri, Italy, p 739–745
Bombardier (2009) EcoActive technology-MITRAC energy saver. Datasheet. Bombardier Transportation. http://www.bombardier.com/content/dam/Websites/bombardiercom/supporting-documents/BT/Bombardier-Transport-ECO4-MITRAC_Energy_Saver-EN.pdf. Accessed 01 Feb 2017
Domínguez M, Fernández-Cardador A, Cucala AP et al (2012) Energy savings in metropolitan railway substations through regenerative energy recovery and optimal design of ATO speed profiles. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 9(3):496–504
Gee AM, Dunn RW (2015) Analysis of Trackside Flywheel Energy Storage in Light Rail Systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 64(9):3858–3869
Gonzalez-Gil A, Palacin R, Batty P et al. (2014) Energy-efficient urban rail systems: strategies for an optimal management of regenerative braking energy. In: Int. Conf. Transport Research Arena: Transport Solutions from Research to Deployment, Paris, France, p 1–9
Grigans L, Latkovskis L (2010) Study of control strategies for energy storage system on board of urban electric vehicles. In: 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Ohrid, p T9-34–T9-38
Iannuzzi D, Tricoli P (2010) Optimal control strategy of onboard supercapacitor storage system for light railway vehicles. Int. Symp Ind Electron, Bari, pp 280–285
Jung B, Kim H, Kang H et al (2014) Development of a novel charging algorithm for on-board ESS in DC train through weight modification. J Electr Eng Technol 9(6):1795–1804
Khayyam S, Lakhdar H, Ponci F et al (2015) Agent based energy management in railways. In: Int. Conf. Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles, Aachen, Germany, p 1–6
Komyakov AA, Nikiforov MM, Erbes VV et al (2016) Construction of electricity consumption mathematical models on railway transport used artificial neural network and fuzzy neural network. In: IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, Florence, Italy, p 1–4
Kulworawanichpong T (2003) Optimising AC electric railway power flows with power electronic control. PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, UK
Kulworawanichpong T (2015) Multi-train modeling and simulation integrated with traction power supply solver using simplified Newton-Raphson method. J Mod Transport 23(4):241–251
Lee HM, Jeon EJ, Jeong SC (2010) A study on calculation of DC railway loadflow with energy storage system. In: Int. Conf. Control, Automation and Systems, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, p 800–803
Lee HM, Jang DU, Hong JS (2014) A study on energy application of electric train. In: 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. p 1640–1642
Leeton U, Kulworawanichpong T, Watanabe T (2012) Energy saving in DC electric railway with regenerative energy storage. In: The 2013 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan (IEEJ), Nagoya, Japan, p 198–199
Lu S (2011) Optimising power management strategies for railway traction. PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, UK
Masamichi O (2010) Onboard storage in Japanese electrified lines. In: Int. Conf. Power Electronics and Motion Control, Ohrid, Macedonia, p 9–16
Miyatake M, Ko H (2010) Optimization of train speed profile for minimum energy consumption. IEEJ Trans Electr Electron Eng 5(3):263–269
Ratniyomchai T, Hillmansen S, Tricoli P (2014) Recent developments and applications of energy storage devices in electrified railways. IET Electr Syst Transp 4(1):9–20
Shen XJ, Chen S, Li G et al (2013) Configure methodology of onboard supercapacitor array for recycling regenerative braking energy of URT vehicles. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 4:1678–1686
Sheu JW, Lin WS (2012) Energy-saving automatic train regulation using dual heuristic programming. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61(4):1503–1514
Sumpavakup C, Kulworawanichpong T (2015) Multi-train movement simulation using MATLAB object-oriented programming. Appl Mech Mater 763:153–158
Takagi R, Amano T (2014) Optimisation of reference state-of-charge curves for the feed-forward charge/discharge control of energy storage systems on-board DC electric railway vehicles. IET Electr Syst Transp 5(1):33–42
Talla J, Streit L, Peroutka Z et al (2015) Fuzzy energy management strategy for tram with supercapacitors. IECON2015. Yokohama, Japan, pp 003963–003968
Vazquez S, Lukic SM, Galvan E et al (2011) Energy storage systems for transport and grid applications. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 57(12):3881–3895
Wang W, Cheng M, Wang Y et al (2014) A novel energy management strategy of onboard supercapacitor for subway applications with permanent-magnet traction system. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 63(6):2578–2588
Xia H, Yang Z, Lin F et al. (2015) Modeling and state of charge-based energy management strategy of ultracapacitor energy storage system of urban rail transit. In: 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Yokohama, Japan, p 002083–002087
Xu G, Li W, Xu K et al (2011) An intelligent regenerative braking strategy for electric vehicles. Energies 4(9):1461–1477
Xu SY, Li W, Wang YQ (2013) Effects of vehicle running mode on rail potential and stray current in DC mass transit systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 62(8):3569–3580
Zhao K, Wang X, Yang Z et al (2010) Study and simulation of on-board energy saving system with electric double layer capacitor of railway vehicle. In: Int. Conf. Computer Application and System Modeling, Taiyuan, p V15-336–V15-339
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (grant no. PHD/0038/2556) for supporting this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sumpavakup, C., Suwannakijborihan, S., Ratniyomchai, T. et al. Peak Demand Cutting Strategy with an On-Board Energy Storage System in Mass Rapid Transit. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 42, 49–62 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-018-0048-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-018-0048-6