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Thermoeconomic Optimization and Performance Analysis of a Regenerative Closed Brayton Cycle with Internal Irreversibilities and Pressure Losses

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Abstract

Global demand for electricity is growing every year. Gas turbines are indicated to be one of the cleanest options running on fossil fuels to meet this growing demand. Apart from utility power generation, they are dominating the aviation industry and also being used in maritime industry as prime movers because of their characteristic advantages such as high power/weight ratio, wide operational flexibility, ease of maintenance and high reliability. Forecasts show that gas turbines will dominate the US power production industry in the near future. With growing interest on gas turbines, modifications on simple Brayton cycle are becoming more of an issue. Regeneration is one of these modifications which increases thermal efficiency for the same power output and provides less fuel consumption. Accordingly, employing a regenerator decreases fuel and environmental costs. In this paper, thermoeconomic performance optimization of a closed irreversible regenerative Brayton cycle has been carried out. A precise combustion tool based on chemical equilibrium approach has been used for the specification of adiabatic flame temperature which substantially affects environmental costs. For the optimization, the objective function is defined as the net power output divided by the total cost rate which includes the investment cost, fuel cost and environmental cost flow rates. Effects of isentropic and maximum temperature ratios, compressor and turbine isentropic efficiencies, regenerator effectiveness and pressure loss parameter on the thermoeconomic performance of the regenerative Brayton heat engine are investigated. Optimum values for power output, thermal efficiency, investment, fuel and environmental cost rates are specified and discussed.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{\text{P}}\) :

Specific heat at constant pressure (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\(C_{\text{V}}\) :

Specific heat at constant volume (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\({\text{CRF}}\) :

Capital recovery factor

\(\dot{C}_{\text{T}}\) :

Total cost rate ($s−1)

\(\dot{C}_{\text{W}}\) :

Thermal capacity rate of the working fluid (kW K−1)

\(c_{\text{env}}\) :

Unit cost of environment ($kJ−1)

\(c_{\text{f}}\) :

Unit cost of fuel ($kJ−1)

\(c_{\text{i}}\) :

Unit cost of investment ($kJ−1)

\(\dot{C}_{\text{env}}\) :

Environmental cost rate ($s−1)

\(\dot{C}_{\text{f}}\) :

Fuel cost rate ($s−1)

\(\dot{C}_{\text{i}}\) :

Investment cost rate ($s−1)

\(F\) :

Objective function (kW h$−1)

F:

Primary air ratio

\(i\) :

Interest rate

\(k\) :

Specific heat ratio

\({\text{LHV}}\) :

Lower heating value (kJ kg−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

\(n\) :

Equipment lifetime (years)

\(N\) :

Annual number of operation hours

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat flow rate (kW)

\(P\) :

Pressure (kPa)

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power output (kW)

\(Z_{i}\) :

Purchase equipment cost

\(\alpha\) :

Maximum temperature ratio

\(\varepsilon\) :

Pressure loss ratio

\(\varepsilon_{R}\) :

Regenerator effectiveness

\(\varphi\) :

Isentropic temperature ratio

\(\eta\) :

Thermal efficiency

\(\zeta\) :

Pressure loss parameter

\(\lambda\) :

Air–fuel ratio

\(\varepsilon_{R}\) :

Regenerator effectiveness

\(\varphi\) :

Isentropic temperature ratio

\(\eta\) :

Thermal efficiency

a:

Air

C:

Compressor

CC:

Combustion chamber

CL:

Cooler

exh:

Exhaust gases

HEX:

Heat exchanger for cooling

f:

Fuel

JB:

Joule-Brayton

in:

Input

max:

Maximum

min:

Minimum

out:

Output

R :

Regenerator

RC :

Regenerator cold-side

RH :

Regenerator hot-side

T :

Turbine

1,2,3,4,5 and 6 :

State points

*:

Maximum F conditions

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Yildiz Technical University Institute of Science and Technology for providing opportunity to study on this subject, and this study has been given as a part of PhD. thesis of the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34940, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey

    Yalcin Durmusoglu

  2. Faculty of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey

    Yasin Ust & Hasan Kayhan Kayadelen

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  1. Yalcin Durmusoglu
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  2. Yasin Ust
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Correspondence to Hasan Kayhan Kayadelen.

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Durmusoglu, Y., Ust, Y. & Kayadelen, H.K. Thermoeconomic Optimization and Performance Analysis of a Regenerative Closed Brayton Cycle with Internal Irreversibilities and Pressure Losses. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng 41, 61–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-016-0043-3

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