Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Novel Graphene-Based Nanosensor for Detection of Ethanol Gas

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study is the first phase (a research model) of the construction of a multi-nanobiosensor to detect multiple gases simultaneously that will be published in a separate article. In this study, a nanobiosensor was fabricated for ethanol gas detection, and its electrochemical response to various concentrations of this gas was studied. In the first phase, in order to fabricate this nanobiosensor, the graphene oxide/polyaniline (GO/PANI) nanocomposite was synthesized. Chemical composition, morphology and the structure of the nanocomposites were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) is done correctly and the polyaniline (PANI) particles are well bonded on the surface of the GO sheets as physically and chemically. Owning to the formation of the correct GO/PANI nanocomposite, the analyses indicate that the formation of PANI polymer chains on the surface of GO have led to the deformation of graphene sheets, which are normally flattened and uniformed sheets into the form of non-flattened and non-uniformed sheets. In the second phase, the formed nanocomposite was placed on silver-coated electrodes, and then, by placing the nanoparticles of tin oxide, the nanobiosensors were sensitive toward the ethanol gas. Through the amperometric experiments, responsiveness and sensitivity and selectivity of the nanobiosensors to each of the ethanol, carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia gases were measured and the results showed that the sensitivity of nanobiosensor fabricated for detection of the ethanol gas is acceptable. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the nanobiosensors also have responded slightly to ammonia and methane.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdolrahim M, Rabiee M, Alhosseini SN, Tahriri M, Yazdanpanah S, Tayebi L (2015) Development of optical biosensor technologies for cardiac troponin recognition. Anal Biochem 485:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdorahim M, Rabiee M, Alhosseini SN, Tahriri M, Yazdanpanah S, Alavi SH et al (2016) Nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors for cardiac troponin recognition: an illustrated review. TrAC Trends Anal Chem 82:337–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad H, Fan M, Hui D (2018) Graphene oxide incorporated functional materials: a review. Compos B Eng 145:270–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amirov RR, Shayimova J, Nasirova Z, Dimiev AM (2017) Chemistry of graphene oxide. Reactions with transition metal cations. Carbon 116:356–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baibarac M, Baltog I, Godon C, Lefrant S, Chauvet O (2004) Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by aniline electrochemical polymerization. Carbon 42(15):3143–3152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhanvase BA, Patel MA, Sonawane SH (2014) Kinetic properties of layer-by-layer assembled cerium zinc molybdate nanocontainers during corrosion inhibition. Corros Sci 88:170–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang Y, Yao Y, Wang B, Luo H, Li T, Zhi L (2013) Reduced graphene oxide mediated SnO2 nanocrystals for enhanced gas-sensing properties. J Mater Sci Technol 29(2):157–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Chen B (2015) Macroscopic and spectroscopic investigations of the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds on graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and graphene nanosheets. Environ Sci Technol 49(10):6181–6189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng JP, Wang J, Li QQ, Liu HG, Li Y (2016) A review of recent developments in tin dioxide composites for gas sensing application. J Ind Eng Chem 44:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi A, Rabiee N, Ahmadi S, Lolasi F, Borzogomid M, Kalbasi A et al (2018) Optical assays based on colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Analyst 143:3249–3283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang YF, Lin CW (2012) Facile synthesis and morphology control of graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization process. Polymer 53(13):2574–2582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inyawilert K, Wisitsoraat A, Sriprachaubwong C, Tuantranont A, Phanichphant S, Liewhiran C (2015) Rapid ethanol sensor based on electrolytically-exfoliated graphene-loaded flame-made In-doped SnO2 composite film. Sens Actuators B Chem 209:40–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez P, Castell P, Sainz R, Ansón A, Martínez MT, Benito AM et al (2010) Carbon nanotube effect on polyaniline morphology in water dispersible composites. J Phys Chem B 114(4):1579–1585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharati M, Foroutanparsa S, Rabiee M, Salarian R, Rabiee N, Rabiee G (2018) Early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis based on optical and electrochemical biosensors: comprehensive perspective. Curr Anal Chem 14:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai Y, Wang S, Qian D, Zhong S, Wang Y, Han S et al (2017) Tunable electromagnetic wave absorption properties of nickel microspheres decorated reduced graphene oxide. Ceramics Int 43:2904–12914

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawal AT (2018) Progress in utilisation of graphene for electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 106:149–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim JY, Mubarak NM, Abdullah EC, Nizamuddin S, Khalid M (2018) Recent trends in the synthesis of graphene and graphene oxide based nanomaterials for removal of heavy metals: a review. J Ind Eng Chem 66:29–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Chung S, Oh G, Seo TS (2012) Three-dimensional graphene oxide nanostructure for fast and efficient water-soluble dye removal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(2):922–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamadzadeh Moghadam MH, Sabury S, Gudarzi MM, Sharif F (2014) Graphene oxide-induced polymerization and crystallization to produce highly conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composite. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 52(11):1545–1554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori M, Itagaki Y, Iseda J, Sadaoka Y, Ueda T, Mitsuhashi H et al (2014) Influence of VOC structures on sensing property of SmFeO3 semiconductive gas sensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 202:873–877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muzyka R, Kwoka M, Smędowski Ł, Díez N, Gryglewicz G (2017) Oxidation of graphite by different modified Hummers methods. New Carbon Mater 32(1):15–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naghib SM, Rabiee M, Omidinia E (2014) Electrochemical biosensor for l-phenylalanine based on a gold electrode modified with graphene oxide nanosheets and chitosan. Int J Electrochem Sci 9:2341–2353

    Google Scholar 

  • Park S, Ruoff RS (2009) Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat Nanotechnol 4:217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Cho YS, Sung SJ, Byeon M, Yang SJ, Park CR (2018) Characteristics tuning of graphene-oxide-based-graphene to various end-uses. Energy Storage Mater 14:8–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabiee N, Safarkhani M, Rabiee M (2018) Ultra-sensitive electrochemical on-line determination of clarithromycin based on poly(l-aspartic acid)/graphite oxide/pristine graphene/glassy carbon electrode. Asian J Nanosci Mater 1:61–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Rana U, Malik S (2012) Graphene oxide/polyaniline nanostructures: transformation of 2D sheet to 1D nanotube and in situ reduction. Chem Commun 48(88):10862–10864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei B, Ghani M, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M (2016) Electrochemical biosensors based on nanofibres for cardiac biomarker detection: a comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 78:513–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen J, Yang C, Li X, Wang G (2013) High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on nanoarchitectured polyaniline/graphene/carbon nanotube and activated graphene electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(17):8467–8476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang C, Yin L, Zhang L, Xiang D, Gao R (2010) Metal oxide gas sensor: sensitivity and influencing factors. Sensors 10:2088–2106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu W, Li Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Pan D, Li Y (2014) A facile one-pot preparation of dialdehyde starch reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite for supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 139:117–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Jia P, Xu L, Chen Z, Xiao L, Sun J et al (2017) Tuning the surface properties of graphene oxide by surface-initiated polymerization of epoxides: an efficient method for enhancing gas separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(5):4998–5005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xin G, Yao T, Sun H, Scott SM, Shao D, Wang G et al (2015) Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers. Science (New York, NY) 349(6252):1083–1087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu LQ, Liu YL, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Fu GD (2011) Reduction of graphene oxide by aniline with its concomitant oxidative polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 32(8):684–688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu G, Wang N, Wei J, Lv L, Zhang J, Chen Z et al (2012) Preparation of graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposite with assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide for supercapacitor electrodes. Ind Eng Chem Res 51(44):14390–14398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan X, Chen J, Yang J, Xue Q, Miele P (2010) Fabrication of free-standing, electrochemically active, and biocompatible graphene oxide-polyaniline and graphene-polyaniline hybrid papers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:2521–2529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo MJ, Park HB (2018) Effect of hydrogen peroxide on properties of graphene oxide in Hummers method. Carbon 141:515–522

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaaba NI, Foo KL, Hashim U, Tan SJ, Liu W-W, Voon CH (2017) Synthesis of graphene oxide using modified Hummers method: solvent influence. Procedia Eng 184:469–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Liu J, Chang H, Liu A, Xia B (2015) Characterization of a hybrid composite of SnO2 nanocrystal-decorated reduced graphene oxide for ppm-level ethanol gas sensing application. RSC Adv 5(24):18666–18672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu BL, Xie CS, Wang WY, Huang KJ, Hu JH (2004) Improvement in gas sensitivity of ZnO thick film to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by adding TiO2. Mater Lett 58(5):624–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterial Group, Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Reza Moshayedi & Mohammad Rabiee

  2. Division of Chemistry, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran

    Navid Rabiee

  3. Division of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran

    Navid Rabiee

Authors
  1. Hamid Reza Moshayedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Rabiee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Navid Rabiee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Rabiee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Moshayedi, H.R., Rabiee, M. & Rabiee, N. A Novel Graphene-Based Nanosensor for Detection of Ethanol Gas. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 43, 2227–2237 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-019-00711-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-019-00711-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation