Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PCs) are abundant throughout the plant kingdom, which occurs in inexpensive resources, such as waste from food processing industries and agriculture activities. This has increased their extraction and subsequent utilization during the past few years. Natural phenolic compounds (Flavonoids and non-flavonoids) have grown more appealing from a technical standpoint, in addition to their usage in pharmaceuticals or as an additive in nutraceuticals, they also have potential in polymer technology. PCs have health-promoting qualities that can be attributed to their strong antioxidant activity and free radicals scavenging activity. These antioxidant properties protect against the action of oxidative species and are linked to the lower incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions. The extraction of phenols from food processing wastes has been studied using a variety of extraction procedures, most of which rely on the usage of organic solvents. Furthermore, there is currently a growing demand for environmentally friendly and affordable methods that produce polyphenol extracts with slightly harmful impacts on the environment. The employment of greener technologies like microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), subcritical water extraction (SBWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and enzymatic extraction processes are examined in detail in this review which focuses on contemporary novel and feasible techniques for recovering useful PCs from food processing wastes. Further, how the greener extraction of PCs from food waste and its application in different industries can be integrated into a circular bioeconomy is also summarized.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data about work are included in the manuscript.
References
Abbott AP, Capper G, Davies DL et al (2003) Novel solvent properties of choline chloride/urea mixtures. Chem Commun. https://doi.org/10.1039/b210714g
Abbott AP, Barron JC, Ryder KS, Wilson D (2007) Eutectic-based ionic liquids with metal-containing anions and cations. Chem Eur J 13:6495–6501. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200601738
Abdellatif AAH, Aldhafeeri MA, Alharbi WH et al (2021) Freeze-drying ethylcellulose microparticles loaded with etoposide for in vitro fast dissolution and in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer cell types, MCF-7 and Caco-2. Appl Sci 11(19):9066. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199066
Abu Bakar IN, Ibrahim MF, Hakiman M et al (2022) Characterization of asiaticoside concentration, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of different varieties of Centella asiatica (L.) and essential oil extraction using hydro-distillation with enzyme assisted. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 44:102474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102474
Alara OR, Abdurahman NH (2019) Kinetics studies on effects of extraction techniques on bioactive compounds from Vernonia cinerea leaf. J Food Sci Technol 56:580–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3512-4
Alara OR, Abdurahman NH, Ukaegbu CI (2021) Extraction of phenolic compounds: a review. Curr Res Food Sci 4:200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011
Albuquerque BR, Heleno SA, Oliveira MBPP et al (2021) Phenolic compounds: current industrial applications, limitations, and future challenges. Food Funct 12:14–29. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO02324H
Arumugham T, Rambabu K, Hasan SW et al (2021) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of plant phytochemicals for biological and environmental applications: a review. Chemosphere 271:129525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129525
Athanasiadis V, Palaiogiannis D, Poulianiti K et al (2022) Extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from red grape pomace and olive leaves: process optimization using a tailor-made tertiary deep eutectic solvent. Sustainability 14(11):6864. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116864
Awuchi GC (2019) The biochemistry, toxicology, and uses of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals: alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenols, and glycosides. J Food Pharm Sci 7(3):131–150. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.666
Azwanida N (2015) A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Med Aromat Plants (los Angel) 04:1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196
Balasundram N, Sundram K, Samman S (2006) Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. Food Chem 99:191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042
Barbera M (2020) Reuse of food waste and wastewater as a source of polyphenolic compounds to use as food additives. J AOAC Int 103:906–914. https://doi.org/10.1093/JAOCINT/QSZ025
Barp L, Višnjevec AM, Moret S (2017) Pressurized liquid extraction: a powerful tool to implement extraction and purification of food contaminants. Foods. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12102017
Barreca D, Smeriglio A, Bellocco E, Trombetta D (2017) Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins: occurrence, dietary intake and pharmacological effects. Br J Pharmacol 174:1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc
Bener M, Şen FB, Önem AN et al (2022) Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from by-products of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using natural deep eutectic solvents: modeling, optimization and phenolic characterization. Food Chem 385:132633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132633
Bennbaia S, Wazwaz A, Abujarbou A (2018) Towards sustainable society: design of food waste recycling machine. In: Proceedings of the international conference on industrial engineering and operations management bandung, indonesia, pp 1340–1353, March, 2018.
Ben-Othman S, Jõudu I, Bhat R (2020) Bioactives from agri-food wastes: present insights and future challenges. Molecules 25(3):510. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030510
Ben-Othman S, Kaldmäe H, Rätsep R et al (2021) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phloretin and other phenolic compounds from apple tree leaves (Malus domestica borkh.) and comparison of different cultivars from estonia. Antioxidants 10:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020189
Bento-Silva A, Koistinen VM, Mena P et al (2020) Factors affecting intake, metabolism and health benefits of phenolic acids: do we understand individual variability? Eur J Nutr 59:1275–1293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01987-6
Bhatia L, Jha H, Sarkar T, Sarangi PK (2023) Food waste utilization for reducing carbon footprints towards sustainable and cleaner environment: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(3):2318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032318
Bitalebi S, Nikoo M, Rahmanifarah K et al (2019) Effect of apple peel extract as natural antioxidant on lipid and protein oxidation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mince. Int Aquat Res 11:135–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-019-0224-y
Borbolla-Gaxiola JE, Ross AB, Dupont V (2022) Multi-variate and multi-response analysis of hydrothermal carbonization of food waste: hydrochar composition and solid fuel characteristics. Energies (basel) 15(15):5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155342
Borghesi G, Morone P (2023) A review of the effects of COVID-19 on food waste. Food Secur 15:261–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01311-x
Braeuer A (2015) High pressure: fellow and opponent of spectroscopic techniques. In: Braeuer A (ed) Supercritical fluid science and technology, vol 7. Elsevier, pp 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63422-1.00001-8
Brudzyńska P, Sionkowska A, Grisel M (2021) Plant-derived colorants for food, cosmetic and textile industries: a review. Materials 14(13):3484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133484
Brunner G (1994) Properties of supercritical and near-critical gases and of mixtures with sub- and supercritical components. In: Brunner G (ed) Gas extraction: an introduction to fundamentals of supercritical fluids and the application to separation processes. Steinkopff, Heidelberg, pp 3–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07380-3_2
Buljeta I, Pichler A, Šimunović J, Kopjar M (2023) Beneficial effects of red wine polyphenols on human health: comprehensive review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 45(2):782–798. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020052
Cao Y, Song Z, Dong C et al (2023) Green ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from waste broccoli leaves: optimization, identification, biological activity, and structural characterization. LWT. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115407
Carasek E, Bernardi G, Morelli D, Merib J (2021) Sustainable green solvents for microextraction techniques: recent developments and applications. J Chromatogr A 1640:461944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461944
Cardullo N, Leanza M, Muccilli V, Tringali C (2021) Valorization of agri-food waste from pistachio hard shells: extraction of polyphenols as natural antioxidants. Resources 10(5):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources10050045
Carla Da Porto DD, Natolino A (2015) Application of a supercritical CO2 extraction procedure to recover volatile compounds and polyphenols from Rosa damascena. Sep Sci Technol 50:1175–1180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2014.965833
Carrasco-Sandoval J, Rebolledo P, Peterssen-Fonseca D et al (2021) A fast and selective method to determine phenolic compounds in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will) seeds applying ultrasound-assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Chem Pap 75:431–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01313-z
Cartea ME, Francisco M, Soengas P, Velasco P (2011) Phenolic compounds in Brassica vegetables. Molecules 16(1):251–280. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16010251
Castro-Muñoz R, Díaz-Montes E, Cassano A, Gontarek E (2021) Membrane separation processes for the extraction and purification of steviol glycosides: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 61:2152–2174. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1772717
Cerón-Martínez LJ, Hurtado-Benavides AM, Ayala-Aponte A et al (2021) A pilot-scale supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to valorize colombian mango seed kernel. Molecules 26(8):2279. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082279
Chamorro S, Viveros A, Alvarez I et al (2012) Changes in polyphenol and polysaccharide content of grape seed extract and grape pomace after enzymatic treatment. Food Chem 133:308–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.031
Chang Y, Shi X, He F et al (2022) Valorization of food processing waste to produce valuable polyphenolics. J Agric Food Chem 70:8855–8870. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02655
Chanioti S, Katsouli M, Tzia C (2021) Novel processes for the extraction of phenolic compounds from olive pomace and their protection by encapsulation. Molecules 26(6):1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061781
Chañi-Paucar LO, dos Santos LC, Scopel E et al (2023) Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from quinilla (Manilkara bidentata) seed. J Supercrit Fluids 193:105831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105831
Chemat F, Vian MA, Ravi HK et al (2019) Review of alternative solvents for green extraction of food and natural products: panorama, principles, applications and prospects. Molecules 24(16):3007. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007
Cheng Y, Xue F, Yu S et al (2021) Subcritical water extraction of natural products. Molecules 26(13):4004. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134004
Cheng M, He J, wang H, et al (2023) Comparison of microwave, ultrasound and ultrasound-microwave assisted solvent extraction methods on phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of extracts from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp. LWT 173:114395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114395
Clapp J, Isakson SR (2022) Speculative harvests financialization, food, and agriculture. Practical Action Publishing Ltd, pp 1–194
Costa JR, Tonon RV, Cabral L et al (2020) Valorization of agricultural lignocellulosic plant byproducts through enzymatic and enzyme-assisted extraction of high-value-added compounds: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8(35):13112–13125. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c02087
da Silva RPFF, Rocha-Santos TAP, Duarte AC (2016) Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds. TrAC: Trends in Anal Chem 76:40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.013
De Camargo AC, Regitano-D’Arce MAB, Biasoto ACT, Shahidi F (2016) Enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolics from winemaking by-products: antioxidant potential and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and lipase activities. Food Chem 212:395–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.047
De Melo MMR, Silvestre AJD, Silva CM (2014) Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable matrices: applications, trends and future perspectives of a convincing green technology. J Supercrit Fluids 92:115–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.007
De Lima JS, Cruz R, Fonseca JC et al (2014) Production, characterization of tannase from Penicillium montanense URM 6286 under SSF using agroindustrial wastes, and application in the clarification of grape juice (Vitis vinifera L.). Sci World J 2014:182025. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/182025
de Araújo FF, de Paulo FD, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM (2021) Polyphenols and their applications: an approach in food chemistry and innovation potential. Food Chem 338:127535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127535
de la Rosa LA, Moreno-Escamilla JO, Rodrigo-García J, Alvarez-Parrilla E (2018) Phenolic compounds. In: Yahia ME (ed) Postharvest physiology and biochemistry of fruits and vegetables. Elsevier, pp 253–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813278-4.00012-9
del Mar C-Gámez M, Galán-Martín Á, Seixas N et al (2023) Deep eutectic solvents for improved biomass pretreatment: Current status and future prospective towards sustainable processes. Bioresour Technol 369:128396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128396
Della Posta S, Gallo V, Ascrizzi AM et al (2023) Development of a green ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of phenolic compounds from avocado peel with deep eutectic solvents. Green Anal Chem 7:100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.greeac.2023.100083
Dora M, Wesana J, Gellynck X et al (2020) Importance of sustainable operations in food loss: evidence from the Belgian food processing industry. Ann Oper Res 290:47–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03134-0
Esparza I, Jiménez-Moreno N, Bimbela F et al (2020) Fruit and vegetable waste management: conventional and emerging approaches. J Environ Manage 265:110510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110510
Fagbemi KO, Aina DA, Olajuyigbe OO (2021) Soxhlet extraction versus hydrodistillation using the clevenger apparatus: a comparative study on the extraction of a volatile compound from Tamarindus indica seeds. Sci World J 2021:5961586. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5961586
Fanali C, Della Posta S, Dugo L et al (2020) Choline-chloride and betaine-based deep eutectic solvents for green extraction of nutraceutical compounds from spent coffee ground. J Pharm Biomed Anal 189:113421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113421
FAO U (2019) The state of food and agriculture, moving forward on food loss and waste reduction https://www.fao.org/3/CA6287EN/CA6287EN.pdf
FAO (2012) Toward the future we want: end hunger and make incorporate incentives for sustainable consumption and production into food systems. Rio deJaneiro https://www.fao.org/3/an908e/an908e.pdf
FAO (2013) Food wastage footprint : impacts on natural resources : summary report. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Food wastage footprint (Project). FAO https://www.fao.org/3/i3347e/i3347e.pdf
FAO (2015) Food wastage footprint & climate change. https://www.fao.org/3/bb144e/bb144e.pdf
FAO (2019a) Moving forward on reducing food loss and waste reduction. The state of food and agriculture https://www.fao.org/3/CA6287EN/CA6287EN.pdf
FAO (2020) Sustainable development goals _ food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. In: FAO. https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/en/ Accessed 7 Apr 2023
FAO-UN (2013) Food wastage footprint : impacts on natural resources: Summary report. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Food wastage footprint (Project). FAO https://www.fao.org/3/i3347e/i3347e.pdf
Favaro-Trindade CS, de Matos Junior FE, Okuro PK et al (2021) Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in lipid micro/nanoparticles for oral administration by spray-cooling. Pharmaceutics 13(8):1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081186
Fernández DP, Goodwin ARH, Lemmon EW et al (1997) A formulation for the static permittivity of water and steam at temperatures from 238 to 873 K at pressures up to 1200 MPa, including derivatives and Debye-Hückel coefficients. J Phys Chem Ref Data 26:1125–1166. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555997
Fidelis M, De Moura C, Kabbas T et al (2019) Fruit seeds as sources of bioactive compounds: sustainable production of high value-added ingredients from by-products within circular economy. Molecules 24(21):3854. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213854
Filip S, Pavlić B, Vidović S et al (2017) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Ocimum basilicum by response surface methodology. Food Anal Methods 10:2270–2280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0792-7
Friedman M, Kozukue N, Kim HJ et al (2017) Glycoalkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid content and antioxidative activities of conventional nonorganic and organic potato peel powders from commercial gold, red, and russet potatoes. J Food Compos Anal 62:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.04.019
Friedman M, Huang V, Quiambao Q et al (2018) Potato peels and their bioactive glycoalkaloids and phenolic compounds inhibit the growth of pathogenic trichomonads. J Agric Food Chem 66:7942–7947. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01726
Frohlich PC, Santos KA, Ascari J et al (2023) Antioxidant compounds and eugenol quantification of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaves extracts obtained by pressurized liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 196:105865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105865
Fuentes JAM, López-Salas L, Borrás-Linares I et al (2021) Development of an innovative pressurized liquid extraction procedure by response surface methodology to recover bioactive compounds from carao tree seeds. Foods 10(2):398. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020398
Gambin LDB, Cavali M, Dresch AP et al (2023) Phenolic compounds from feijoa (Acca sellowiana) fruits: ultrasound-assisted extraction and antiproliferative effect on cutaneous melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28). Food Biosci 55:103078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103078
Garcia-Salas P, Morales-Soto A, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A (2010) Phenolic-compound-extraction systems for fruit and vegetable samples. Molecules 15(12):8813–8826. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15128813
Garrido T, Gizdavic-Nikolaidis M, Leceta I et al (2019) Optimizing the extraction process of natural antioxidants from chardonnay grape marc using microwave-assisted extraction. Waste Manag 88:110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.031
Georganas A, Giamouri E, Pappas AC et al (2020) Bioactive compounds in food waste: a review on the transformation of food waste to animal feed. Foods 9(3):291. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9030291
Gerardi C, D’amico L, Migoni D et al (2020) Strategies for reuse of skins separated from grape pomace as ingredient of functional beverages. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00645
Ghandahari Yazdi AP, Barzegar M, Sahari MA, Ahmadi Gavlighi H (2019) Optimization of the enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from pistachio green hull. Food Sci Nutr 7:356–366. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.900
Ghosh PR, Fawcett D, Sharma SB, Poinern GEJ (2016) Progress towards sustainable utilisation and management of food wastes in the global economy. Int J Food Sci 2016:3563478. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3563478
Gil-Martín E, Forbes-Hernández T, Romero A et al (2022) Influence of the extraction method on the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from food industry by-products. Food Chem 378:131918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131918
Girotto F, Alibardi L, Cossu R (2015) Food waste generation and industrial uses: a review. Waste Manage 45:32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.008
Gómez-García R, Martínez-Ávila GCG, Aguilar CN (2012) Enzyme-assisted extraction of antioxidative phenolics from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) residues. Biotech 2:297–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0055-7
Gómez-Urios C, Viñas-Ospino A, Puchades-Colera P et al (2023) Choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents for the extraction and stability of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant capacity from Citrus sinensis peel. LWT 177:114595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114595
Goula AM, Thymiatis K, Kaderides K (2016) Valorization of grape pomace: drying behavior and ultrasound extraction of phenolics. Food Bioprod Process 100:132–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2016.06.016
Granato D, Fidelis M, Haapakoski M et al (2022) Enzyme-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) press cake: from processing to bioactivities. Food Chem 391:133240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133240
Granella SJ, Bechlin TR, Christ D et al (2023) Pretreated banana peels as a source for the recovery of phenolic compounds: extraction kinetics, ultrasound optimization, and conventional extraction methods. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants 34:100484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2023.100484
Gündüz M, Çiçek ŞK, Topuz S (2023) Extraction and optimization of phenolic compounds from butterbur plant (Petasites hybridus) by ultrasound-assisted extraction and determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of butterbur extracts. J Appl Res Med Aromat Plants 35:100491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2023.100491
Harnly JM, Bhagwat S, Lin LZ (2007) Profiling methods for the determination of phenolic compounds in foods and dietary supplements. Anal Bioanal Chem 389:47–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1424-7
Hashemi B, Shiri F, Švec F, Nováková L (2022) Green solvents and approaches recently applied for extraction of natural bioactive compounds. TrAC: Trends Anal Chem 157:116732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116732
Hazmi SAA, Sarah Amira Ismail N, Mohamad M, Wan Osman WH (2023) Extraction of phenolic and flavonoids compounds from kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.) using ultrasound assisted extraction. Mater Today Proc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.02.285
Hedayati A, Ghoreishi SM (2015) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice plant root using binary entrainer: experimental optimization via response surface methodology. J Supercrit Fluids 100:209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.03.005
Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ (2002) Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J Nutr Biochem 13(10):572–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00208-5
Hong YH, Jung EY, Park Y et al (2013) Enzymatic improvement in the polyphenol extractability and antioxidant activity of green tea extracts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 77:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.120373
Hossain N, Jahan F, Joshi A (2014) Them belly full (but we hungry) Food rights struggles in Bangladesh, India, Kenya and Mozambique. Institute of Development studies, food rights and food rights project. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4603.5522
Husanu E, Mero A, Rivera JG et al (2020) Exploiting deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids for the valorization of chestnut shell waste. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:18386–18399. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c04945
Idowu AT, Igiehon OO, Adekoya AE, Idowu S (2020) Dates palm fruits: a review of their nutritional components, bioactivities and functional food applications. AIMS Agric Food 5:734–755. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.734
Ishangulyyev R, Kim S, Lee SH (2019) Understanding food loss and waste-why are we losing and wasting food? Foods 8(8):297
Jan R, Asaf S, Numan M et al (2021) Plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy 11(5):968. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050968
Jeswani HK, Figueroa-Torres G, Azapagic A (2021) The extent of food waste generation in the UK and its environmental impacts. Sustain Prod Consum 26:532–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.12.021
Jimenez-Lopez C, Fraga-Corral M, Carpena M et al (2020) Agriculture waste valorisation as a source of antioxidant phenolic compounds within a circular and sustainable bioeconomy. Food Funct 11:4853–4877. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO00937G
Jiménez-Moreno N, Esparza I, Bimbela F et al (2020) Valorization of selected fruit and vegetable wastes as bioactive compounds: opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 50:2061–2108. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1694819
Kaderides K, Goula AM (2019) Encapsulation of pomegranate peel extract with a new carrier material from orange juice by-products. J Food Eng 253:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.02.019
Kainat S, Arshad MS, Khalid W et al (2022) Sustainable novel extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables waste for functional foods: a review. Int J Food Prop 25:2457–2476. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2022.2144884
Kaleem M, Ahmad A, Amir RM, Raja GK (2019) Ultrasound-assisted phytochemical extraction condition optimization using response surface methodology from perlette grapes (Vitis vinifera). Processes. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7100749
Katsinas N, Bento Da Silva A, Enríquez-De-Salamanca A et al (2021a) Pressurized liquid extraction optimization from supercritical defatted olive pomace: a green and selective phenolic extraction process. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 9:5590–5602. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c09426
Katsinas N, Enríquez-De-salamanca A, da Silva AB et al (2021b) Olive pomace phenolic compounds stability and safety evaluation: from raw material to future ophthalmic applications. Molecules 26(19):6002. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196002
Khoo KS, Tan X, Ooi CW et al (2021) How does ionic liquid play a role in the sustainability of biomass processing? J Clean Prod 284:124772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124772
Ko MJ, Nam HH, Chung MS (2020) Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae). Sci Rep 10:10890. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67508-2
Kul R, Ekinci M, Turan M et al (2020) How abiotic stress conditions affects plant roots. In: Yildirim E, Turan M, Ekinci M (eds) Plant Roots. IntechOpen, Rijeka
Kumar K, Yadav AN, Kumar V et al (2017) Food waste: a potential bioresource for extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. Bioresour Bioprocess 4:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-017-0148-6
Kumar V, Sharma N, Umesh M et al (2022) Emerging challenges for the agro-industrial food waste utilization: a review on food waste biorefinery. Bioresour Technol 362:127790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127790
Kumar S, Konwar J, Das PM et al (2023) Current progress in valorization of food processing waste and by-products for pectin extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 239:124332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124332
Lago A, Sanz M, Gordón JM et al (2022) Enhanced production of aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols by catalytic co-pyrolysis of fruit and garden pruning wastes. J Environ Chem Eng 10(3):107738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107738
Li C, Yoshimoto M, Ogata H et al (2005) Effects of ultrasonic intensity and reactor scale on kinetics of enzymatic saccharification of various waste papers in continuously irradiated stirred tanks. Ultrason Sonochem 12:373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2004.02.004
Li H, Guo H, Luo Q et al (2021) Current extraction, purification, and identification techniques of tea polyphenols: an updated review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63(19):3912–3930. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1995843
Li Q, Xu J, Shi J et al (2022) Preparation of pure ellagic acid from waste pomegranate peel by supramolecular solvent based heat assisted extraction followed by liquid-liquid liquid–liquid extraction and antisolvent precipitation. Environ Technol Innov 28:102916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102916
Lin D, Xiao M, Zhao J et al (2016) An overview of plant phenolic compounds and their importance in human nutrition and management of type 2 diabetes. Molecules 21(10):1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101374
Lipinski B, Hanson C, Lomax J, et al (2013) Installment 2 of “creating a sustainable food future” reducing food loss and waste 1:1–40. http://pdf.wri.org/reducing_food_loss_and_waste.pdf
Lochab B, Shukla S, Varma IK (2014) Naturally occurring phenolic sources: monomers and polymers. RSC Adv 4:21712–21752. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA00181H
López-Fernández-sobrino R, Margalef M, Torres-Fuentes C et al (2021) Enzyme-assisted extraction to obtain phenolic-enriched wine lees with enhanced bioactivity in hypertensive rats. Antioxidants 10(4):517. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040517
Maghoumi M, Amodio ML, Fatchurrahman D et al (2022) Pomegranate husk scald browning during storage: a review on factors involved, their modes of action, and its association to postharvest treatments. Foods 11(21):3365. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213365
Mahfoudhi N, Ksouri R, Hamdi S (2016) Nanoemulsions as potential delivery systems for bioactive compounds in food systems: preparation, characterization, and applications in food industry. In: Grumezescu AM (ed) emulsions, vol 3. Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry Academic Press, pp 365–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804306-6.00011-8
Maimulyanti A, Nurhidayati I, Mellisani B et al (2023) Development of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride as a green solvent to extract phenolic compound from coffee husk waste. Arab J Chem 16(4):104634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104634
Mal S, Pal D (2021) Tannins and polyphenols extracted from natural plants and their versatile application. In: Pal D, Nayak AK (eds) Bioactive natural products for pharmaceutical applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 715–757. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54027-2_21
Martín Ortega AM, Segura Campos MR (2019) Bioactive compounds as therapeutic alternatives. In: Campos MRS (ed) Bioactive compounds health benefits and potential applications. Woodhead Publishing, pp 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814774-0.00013-X
Martínez J, de CarolinaAguiar A (2014) Extraction of triacylglycerols and fatty acids using supercritical fluids: review. Curr Anal Chem 10:67–77. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411011410010006
Martins IM, Roberto BS, Blumberg JB et al (2016) Enzymatic biotransformation of polyphenolics increases antioxidant activity of red and white grape pomace. Food Res Int 89:533–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.09.009
Matharu AS, de Melo EM, Houghton JA (2016) Opportunity for high value-added chemicals from food supply chain wastes. Bioresour Technol 215:123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.039
Medina-Torres N, Espinosa-Andrews H, Trombotto S et al (2019) Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization of phenolic compounds from Citrus latifolia waste for chitosan bioactive nanoparticles development. Molecules 24(19):3541. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193541
Melini V, Melini F, Luziatelli F, Ruzzi M (2020) Functional ingredients from agri-food waste: effect of inclusion thereof on phenolic compound content and bioaccessibility in bakery products. Antioxidants 9(12):1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121216
Mendonça JD, Guimarães RD, Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA et al (2022) Natural antioxidant evaluation: a review of detection methods. Molecules 27(11):3563. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113563
Mir-Cerdà A, Carretero I, Coves JR et al (2023a) Recovery of phenolic compounds from wine lees using green processing: identifying target molecules and assessing membrane ultrafiltration performance. Sci Total Environ 857(3):159623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159623
Mir-Cerdà A, Nuñez O, Granados M et al (2023b) An overview of the extraction and characterization of bioactive phenolic compounds from agri-food waste within the framework of circular bioeconomy. TrAC: Trends Anal Chem 161:116994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.116994
Mishra B, Varjani S, Pradhan I et al (2020) Insights into interdisciplinary approaches for bioremediation of organic pollutants: innovations, challenges and perspectives. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India Sect. B Biol. Sci. 90:951–958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-020-01187-x
Montenegro-Landívar MF, Tapia-Quirós P, Vecino X et al (2021) Polyphenols and their potential role to fight viral diseases: an overview. Sci Total Environ 801:149719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149719
Mourtzinos I, Goula A (2019) Polyphenols in agricultural byproducts and food waste. In: Watson RR (ed) Polyphenols in Plants, 2nd edn. Isolation Purification and Extract Preparation Academic Press, pp 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813768-0.00002-5
Moussa H, Dahmoune F, Mróz M et al (2023) Efficient optimization approaches for microwave assisted extraction of high-quality antioxidant compounds from Salvia officinalis L.: UHPLC-HRMS differential analysis of phenolic profiles obtained by ultrasound and microwave extraction. Sustain Chem Pharm 35:101194
Munesue Y, Masui T, Fushima T (2015) The effects of reducing food losses and food waste on global food insecurity, natural resources, and greenhouse gas emissions. Environ Econ Policy Stud 17:43–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-014-0083-0
Naczk M, Shahidi F (2004) Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. J Chromatogr A 1054(1–2):95–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.059
Naczk M, Shahidi F (2006) Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: occurrence, extraction and analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 41(5):1523–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.002
Nastić N, Švarc-Gajić J, Delerue-Matos C et al (2018) Subcritical water extraction as an environmentally-friendly technique to recover bioactive compounds from traditional Serbian medicinal plants. Ind Crops Prod 111:579–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.015
Nde DB, Anuanwen CF (2020) Optimization methods for the extraction of vegetable oils: a review. Processes 8(2):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020209
Neto RT, Santos SAO, Oliveira J, Silvestre AJD (2022) Impact of eutectic solvents utilization in the microwave assisted extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape pomace. Molecules 27(1):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010246
Occhiuto C, Aliberto G, Ingegneri M et al (2022) Comparative evaluation of the nutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of two hempseed oils and their byproducts after cold pressing. Molecules 27(11):3431. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113431
Ojeda GA, Vallejos MM, Sgroppo SC et al (2023) Enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from mango by-products using deep eutectic solvents. Heliyon 9(6):e16912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16912
Oke EO, Adeyi O, Okolo BI et al (2023) Microwave-assisted extraction proof-of-concept for phenolic phytochemical recovery from Allium Sativum L. (Amaryllidaceous): optimal process condition evaluation, scale-up computer-aided simulation and profitability risk analysis. Clean Eng Technol 13:100624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2023.100624
Oreopoulou A, Tsimogiannis D, Oreopoulou V (2019) Extraction of polyphenols from aromatic and medicinal plants: an overview of the methods and the effect of extraction parameters. In: Watson RR (ed) Polyphenols in Plants, 2nd edn. Isolation, Purification and Extract Preparation Academic Press, pp 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813768-0.00025-6
Paiva A, Craveiro R, Aroso I et al (2014) Natural deep eutectic solvents: solvents for the 21st century. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(5):1063–1071. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500096j
Pakdaman N, Dargahi R, Nadi M et al (2021) Optimizing the extraction of phenolic compounds from pistachio hulls. J Nuts 12:361–370. https://doi.org/10.22034/jon.2021.1941474.1132
Palaric C, Atwi-Ghaddar S, Gros Q et al (2023) Sequential selective supercritical fluid extraction (S3FE) of triglycerides and flavonolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L, Gaertn). J CO2 Util 77:102609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102609
Palos-Hernández A, Gutiérrez Fernández MY, Escuadra Burrieza J et al (2022) Obtaining green extracts rich in phenolic compounds from underexploited food by-products using natural deep eutectic solvents. Oppor Chall Sustain Chem Pharm 29:100773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100773
Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 5:e47. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41
Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2(897484):270–278. https://doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498
Panzella L, Moccia F, Nasti R et al (2020) Bioactive phenolic compounds from agri-food wastes: an update on green and sustainable extraction methodologies. Front Nutr 7:60. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00060
Papoutsis K, Vuong QV, Golding JB et al (2018) Pretreatment of citrus by-products affects polyphenol recovery: a review. Food Rev Intl 34:770–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2018.1438471
Parashar S, Sood G, Agrawal N (2020) Modelling the enablers of food supply chain for reduction in carbon footprint. J Clean Prod 275:122932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122932
Pataro G, Bobinaitė R, Bobinas Č et al (2016) Improving the extraction of juice and anthocyanin compounds from blueberry fruits and their by-products by pulsed electric fields. In: Jarm T, Kramar P (eds) 1st world congress on electroporation and pulsed electric fields in biology, medicine and food & environmental technologies, vol 53. Springer, Singapore, pp 363–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-1928-x
Pavez IC, Lozano-Sánchez J, Borrás-Linares I et al (2019) Obtaining an extract rich in phenolic compounds from olive pomace by pressurized liquid extraction. Molecules 24(17):3108. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173108
Pereira DTV, Tarone AG, Cazarin CBB et al (2019) Pressurized liquid extraction of bioactive compounds from grape marc. J Food Eng 240:105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.019
Pereira GS, da Silva MR, Fraga S et al (2023) Extraction of bioactive compounds from Butia capitata fruits using supercritical carbon dioxide and pressurized fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 199:105959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2023.105959
Pfaltzgraff LA, De Bruyn M, Cooper EC et al (2013) Food waste biomass: a resource for high-value chemicals. Green Chem 15:307–314. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2GC36978H
Piñón-Balderrama CI, Leyva-Porras C, Terán-Figueroa Y et al (2020) Encapsulation of active ingredients in food industry by spray-drying and nano spray-drying technologies. Processes 8(8):889. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080889
Pourmortazavi SM, Hajimirsadeghi SS (2007) Supercritical fluid extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis. J Chromatogr A 1163(1–2):2–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.021
Punzo A, Porru E, Silla A et al (2021) Grape pomace for topical application: green NaDES sustainable extraction, skin permeation studies, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities characterization in 3D human keratinocytes. Biomolecules 11(8):1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11081181
Puri M, Sharma D, Barrow CJ (2012) Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactives from plants. Trends Biotechnol 30(1):37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.014
Radošević K, Cvjetko Bubalo M, Gaurina Srček V et al (2015) Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 112:46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.034
Rahmah NL, Mustapa Kamal SM, Sulaiman A et al (2023) Subcritical water extraction of total phenolic compounds from Piper betle L. leaves: effect of process conditions and characterization. J Food Meas Charact 17:5606–5618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-023-02068-3
Rahman MM, Rahaman MS, Islam MR et al (2022) Role of phenolic compounds in human disease: current knowledge and future prospects. Molecules 27(1):233. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010233
Ran XL, Zhang M, Wang Y, Adhikari B (2019) Novel technologies applied for recovery and value addition of high value compounds from plant byproducts: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 59(3):450–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1377149
Raslan MA, Raslan SA, Shehata EM et al (2023) Advances in the applications of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics. Pharmaceuticals 16(7):1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16071050
Reynolds C, Soma T, Spring C, Lazell J (2021) Routledge handbook of food waste. Routledge, 1–556. https://doi.org/10.4324/978042946295
Rico X, Nuutinen EM, Gullón B et al (2021) Application of an eco-friendly sodium acetate/urea deep eutectic solvent in the valorization of melon by-products. Food Bioprod Process 130:216–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2021.10.006
Rifna EJ, Misra NN, Dwivedi M (2023) Recent advances in extraction technologies for recovery of bioactive compounds derived from fruit and vegetable waste peels: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63(6):719–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1952923
Robbins RJ (2003) Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. J Agric Food Chem 51(10):2866–2887. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf026182t
Rodrigues Machado A, Atatoprak T, Santos J et al (2023) Potentialities of the extraction technologies and use of bioactive compounds from winery by-products: a review from a circular bioeconomy perspective. Appl Sci 13(13):7754. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137754
Rodríguez-Martínez B, Ferreira-Santos P, Gullón B et al (2021) Exploiting the potential of bioactive molecules extracted by ultrasounds from avocado peels: food and nutraceutical applications. Antioxidants 10(9):1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091475
Rojas-Padilla CR, Vasquez-Villalobos VJ, Vital CE et al (2019) Phenolic compounds in native potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cooking water, with potential antioxidant activity. Food Sci Technol 39:66–71. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.25617
Roobab U, Abida A, Chacha JS et al (2022) Applications of innovative non-thermal pulsed electric field technology in developing safer and healthier fruit juices. Molecules 27(13):4031. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134031
Ruesgas-Ramón M, Figueroa-Espinoza MC, Durand E (2017) Application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) for phenolic compounds extraction: overview, challenges, and opportunities. J Agric Food Chem 65(18):3591–3601. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01054
Sahoo A, Dwivedi A, Madheshiya P et al (2023) Insights into the management of food waste in developing countries: with special reference to India. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27901-6
Salgado-Ramos M, Martí-Quijal FJ, Huertas-Alonso AJ et al (2023) Sequential extraction of almond hull biomass with pulsed electric fields (PEF) and supercritical CO2 for the recovery of lipids, carbohydrates and antioxidants. Food Bioprod Process 139:216–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2023.04.003
Salim NS, Singh A, Raghavan V (2017) Potential utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes for food through drying or extraction techniques. Novel Tech Nutr Food Sci 1(2):15–26. https://doi.org/10.31031/ntnf.2017.01.000506
Šamec D, Karalija E, Šola I et al (2021) The role of polyphenols in abiotic stress response: the influence of molecular structure. Plants 10(1):118. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010118
Santhosh R, Nath D, Sarkar P (2021) Novel food packaging materials including plant-based byproducts: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 118:471–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.013
Santos-Martín M, Cubero-Cardoso J, González-Domínguez R et al (2023) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from blueberry leaves using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the valorization of agrifood wastes. Biomass Bioenergy 175:106882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2023.106882
Setford PC, Jeffery DW, Grbin PR, Muhlack RA (2017) Factors affecting extraction and evolution of phenolic compounds during red wine maceration and the role of process modelling. Trends Food Sci Technol 69:106–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.005
Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P (2015) Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: antioxidant activity and health effects—a review. J Funct Foods 18:820–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018
Shahidi F, Yeo JD (2018) Bioactivities of phenolics by focusing on suppression of chronic diseases: a review. Int J Mol Sci 19(6):1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061573
Shams KA, Abdel-Azim NS, Saleh IA et al (2015) Green technology: economically and environmentally innovative methods for extraction of medicinal & aromatic plants (MAP) in Egypt. J Chem Pharm Res 7(5):1050–1074
Sharma P, Gaur VK, Kim S-H, Pandey A (2020) Microbial strategies for bio-transforming food waste into resources. Bioresour Technol 299:122580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122580
Sheng F, Hu B, Jin Q et al (2021) The analysis of phenolic compounds in walnut husk and pellicle by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC. Molecules 26(10):3013. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26103013
Shin SB, Lee JK, Ko MJ (2023) Enhanced extraction of bioactive compounds from propolis (Apis mellifera L.) using subcritical water. Sci Rep 13:15038. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42418-1
Singh P (2020) Sugar industry: a hub of useful bio-based chemicals. In: Mohan N, Singh P (eds) Sugar and sugar derivatives: changing consumer preferences. Springer, Singapore, pp 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6663-9_11
Skendi A, Irakli M, Chatzopoulou P et al (2022) Phenolic extracts from solid wastes of the aromatic plant essential oil industry: potential uses in food applications. Food Chem Adv 1:100065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2022.100065
Sorrenti V, Burò I, Consoli V, Vanella L (2023) Recent advances in health benefits of bioactive compounds from food wastes and by-products: biochemical aspects. Int J Mol Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032019
Souza OA, da Silva Ramalhão VG, de Melo TL (2022) Combining natural deep eutectic solvent and microwave irradiation towards the eco-friendly and optimized extraction of bioactive phenolics from Eugenia uniflora L. Sustain Chem Pharm 26:100618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100618
Stalikas CD (2007) Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 30:3268–3295. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700261
Statista (2021) Annual food waste by select country worldwide. In: Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/933083/food-waste-of-selected-countries/. Accessed 2 Nov 2023
Stenmarck A, Jensen C, Quested T, et al (2016) Estimates of European food waste levels. https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/estimates-of-european-food-waste-levels
Sutrisno S, Retnosari R, Marfu’ah S, Fajaroh F (2019) Fatty acids in Tamarindus indica L. seeds oil and antibacterial activity assay. Key Eng Mater Trans Tech Publ Ltd 811:40–46. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.811.40
Swer TL, Chauhan K, Paul PK, Mukhim C (2016) Evaluation of enzyme treatment conditions on extraction of anthocyanins from Prunus nepalensis L. Int J Biol Macromol 92:867–871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.105
Tacias-Pascacio VG, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Fernandez-Lafuente R et al (2022) Phenolic compounds in mango fruit: a review. J Food Meas Charact 16:619–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01192-2
Talmaciu AI, Volf I, Popa VI (2015) A comparative analysis of the ‘green’ techniques applied for polyphenols extraction from bioresources. Chem Biodivers 12:1635–1651. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201400415
Tapia-Quirós P, Montenegro-Landívar MF, Reig M et al (2022a) Recovery of polyphenols from agri-food by-products: the olive oil and winery industries cases. Foods 11(3):362
Tapia-Quirós P, Montenegro-Landívar MF, Vecino X et al (2022b) A green approach to phenolic compounds recovery from olive mill and winery wastes. Sci Total Environ 835:155552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155552
Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH et al (2010) Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). J Chromatogr A 1217:2484–2494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.050
Toledo Hijo AAC, Alves C, Farias FO et al (2022) Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as sustainable alternatives for efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from mate leaves. Food Res Int 157:111194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111194
Tomasi IT, Santos SCR, Boaventura RAR, Botelho CMS (2023) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from chestnut processing waste using response surface methodology. J Clean Prod 395:136452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136452
Torregrosa-Crespo J, Marset X, Guillena G et al (2020) New guidelines for testing “Deep eutectic solvents” toxicity and their effects on the environment and living beings. Sci Total Environ 704:135382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135382
Torres-León C, Ramírez-Guzman N, Londoño-Hernandez L et al (2018) Food waste and byproducts: an opportunity to minimize malnutrition and hunger in developing countries. Front Sustain Food Syst 2:52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2018.00052
Toscano S, Trivellini A, Cocetta G et al (2019) Effect of preharvest abiotic stresses on the accumulation of bioactive compounds in horticultural produce. Front Plant Sci 10:468818. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01212
Truzzi F, Tibaldi C, Zhang Y et al (2021) An overview on dietary polyphenols and their biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Int J Mol Sci 22(11):5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115514
Ullah N, Nadhman A, Siddiq S et al (2016) Plants as antileishmanial agents: current scenario. Phytother Res 30:1905–1925. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5710
UNEP (2021) Food waste index report 2021. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021
Valadez-Carmona L, Ortiz-Moreno A, Ceballos-Reyes G et al (2018) Valorization of cacao pod husk through supercritical fluid extraction of phenolic compounds. J Supercrit Fluids 131:99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.011
Varadharajan V, Shanmugam S, Ramaswamy A (2017) Model generation and process optimization of microwave-assisted aqueous extraction of anthocyanins from grape juice waste. J Food Process Eng 40:e12486. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12486
Vardanega R, Fuentes FS, Palma J et al (2023) Valorization of granadilla waste (Passiflora ligularis, Juss.) by sequential green extraction processes based on pressurized fluids to obtain bioactive compounds. J Supercrit Fluids 194:105833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105833
Veggi PC, Martinez J, Meireles MAA (2013) Fundamentals of microwave extraction. In: Chemat F, Cravotto G (eds) Microwave-assisted extraction for bioactive compounds: theory and practice. Springer, Boston, pp 15–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4830-3_2
Vidal-Casanella O, Núñez O, Granados M et al (2021) Analytical methods for exploring nutraceuticals based on phenolic acids and polyphenols. Appl Sci 11(18):8276. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188276
Vilas-Boas AA, Pintado M, Oliveira ALS (2021) Natural bioactive compounds from food waste: toxicity and safety concerns. Foods 10(7):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071564
Wang P, Tian B, Ge Z et al (2023) Ultrasound and deep eutectic solvent as green extraction technology for recovery of phenolic compounds from dendrobium officinale leaves. Process Biochem 128:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.018
Welton T (2015) Solvents and sustainable chemistry. Proc R Soc: Math, Phys Eng Sci 471:20150502. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0502
Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B et al (2019) Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. The Lancet 393:447–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4
Xu M, Ran L, Chen N et al (2019) Polarity-dependent extraction of flavonoids from citrus peel waste using a tailor-made deep eutectic solvent. Food Chem 297:124970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124970
Yang Y (2007) Subcritical water chromatography: a green approach to high-temperature liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 30:1131–1140. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200700008
Yusoff IM, Mat Taher Z, Rahmat Z, Chua LS (2022) A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Food Res Int 157:111268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111268
Zain MSC, Yeoh JX, Lee SY, Shaari K (2021) Physicochemical properties of choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and their applicability for extracting oil palm flavonoids. Sustainability 13(23):12981. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312981
Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Hayyan A, Jayakumar NS (2017) New horizons in the extraction of bioactive compounds using deep eutectic solvents: a review. Anal Chim Acta 979:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2017.05.012
Zhang Q, De Oliveira VK, Royer S, Jérôme F (2012) Deep eutectic solvents: syntheses, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 41:7108–7146. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35178a
Zhang Z, Li X, Sang S et al (2022) Polyphenols as plant-based nutraceuticals: health effects, encapsulation, nano-delivery, and application. Foods 11(15):2189. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152189
Zhou Y, Zheng J, Gan RY et al (2017) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from the mung bean coat. Molecules 22(4):638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040638
Zhou Y, Xu XY, Gan RY et al (2019) Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidant polyphenols from the seed coats of red sword bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.). Antioxidants 8(7):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070200
Zhu Y, Luan Y, Zhao Y et al (2023) Current technologies and uses for fruit and vegetable wastes in a sustainable system: a review. Foods 12(10):1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12101949
Zhuang H, Chen X, Feng T (2022) Research on technology of medicinal functional food. Processes 10(8):1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10081509
Zin MM, Anucha CB, Bánvölgyi S (2020) Recovery of phytochemicals via electromagnetic irradiation (microwave-assisted-extraction): betalain and phenolic compounds in perspective. Foods 9(7):918. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070918
Funding
BK is thankful to the DST-SERB NPDF (PDF/2022/001781) scheme for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
LB: Data collection, organization, analysis, overall supervision and revision of MS. DSVGKK: Data collection and compilation. TS: Data collection and compilation. HJ: Data collection, analysis and compilation. BK: Data collection, analysis, figures and table organization, overall supervision and revision of MS.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Bhatia, L., Kaladhar, D.S.V.G.K., Sarkar, T. et al. Food wastes phenolic compounds (PCs): overview of contemporary greener extraction technologies, industrial potential, and its integration into circular bioeconomy. Energ. Ecol. Environ. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-024-00321-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-024-00321-z