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Hydrochemical and isotopic assessment of a stressed multilayer aquifer in the Moroccan eastern High Atlas

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Abstract

Water pollution is an increasing global concern affecting millions of people around the world, especially in arid to semi-arid areas. Management of water resources has become a crucial requirement for present times and specifically for future decades due to its detrimental impact on populations. The eastern High Atlas represents a demonstrative situation to highlight the problems in water-stressed areas. The eastern High Atlas of Morocco has a semi-arid climate and low rainfall (< 200 mm), irregular in time and space. The hydrology of the studied basin is characterized by intermittent flows and frequent, sometimes intense, limited floods. The main aquifer corresponds to the Plio-Quaternary deposits containing an unconfined groundwater of low thickness, from 3 to more than 30 m. This aquifer is controlled by the Paleozoic basement—Mesozoic to Quaternary cover interface. The hydrogeological system is located in a structurally complex area. The fractured and weathered surface part of the basement, directly in contact with the cover deposits, is also permeable. This system is mainly recharged by the depletion of the seasonal groundwater which take place in the Mesozoic landforms during rainy periods. In this semi-arid area, we show that the water resources and their qualities are highly dependant on the climatic conditions and water–rock interaction. The 2H and 18O isotopes indicate that the recharge of the Plio-Quaternary aquifer is mainly through precipitation on the summits of the NW part of the basin. The 3H isotope reveals that the waters in the basin are less than 50 years old, implying a rapid turnover. The reduced potential of the groundwater and its quality of medium to high alkalinity, limit its use for drinking and irrigation.

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Modified from Zelmou map at 1/200000 and 1/50000, Oujda map at 1/500000; Du Dresnay et al. 1977; Houari 2003; Pelleter et al. 2008; Amar et al. 2012). (q2) modern alluvium, (q1) sandstone–carbonate colluvium and ancient alluvial terraces, (p2) lacustrine limestones (p1) sandstone-conglomerate deposits, (C) marls, gypsum clays and red sandstones, (Jm) limestones and marls, (l4) limestones, (l3) limestone banks and reef complex, (l2) limestone in ryhtm banks, (l1) limestone and massive dolomites, (T) basalts and shales, (s) black phtanites, (or) quartzites and green schistes, (€3) sandy schistes, (€2) satin and sandy schistes, (€1) arkosic sandstones, limestones and dolomites, (X2) pyroclastic deposits, (X1) satin schistes, (Xi) undifferentiated Precambrian basement, (AECF) Ain Ech Chair Fault, (MF) Mechgoug Fault, (SAF) South Atlasic Fault

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Acknowledgements

University of Poitiers, Coimbra fellowship and Agence de Bassin Hydraulique from Errachidia are acknowledged for collaboration and support. We would like to thanks international relations department of the University of Poitiers, Ch. Fernandez, V. Soulard, M. Grosdennier and M-A Masselin for help and support. For assistance, we acknowledge the technical and administrative staffs of the University of Poitiers and UMR-CNRS 7285-IC2MP.

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This work was supported by the University of Poitiers and Coimbra fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science & Technology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Department of Geology, University of Moulay Ismail, BP 509, 52000, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco

    Fatima Abdelfadel, Mohamed Hilali & Azddine Barbo

  2. University of Poitiers, UMR 7285 CNRS IC2MP, 86000, Poitiers, France

    Fatima Abdelfadel, Claude Fontaine, Rana Mhanna, Lilian Eloy, Moumtaz Razack & Abderrazak El Albani

  3. GEDD Team. Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Khouribga, Morocco

    Tarik Tagma & Jalal Moustadraf

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  1. Fatima Abdelfadel
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Abdelfadel, F., Fontaine, C., Hilali, M. et al. Hydrochemical and isotopic assessment of a stressed multilayer aquifer in the Moroccan eastern High Atlas. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 8, 76 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00662-9

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