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Assessment of water harvesting potential sites using GIS-based MCA and a hydrological model: case of Werie catchment, northern Ethiopia

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Abstract

Due to erratic and unpredictable rainfall pattern in northern Ethiopia, water availability for various purposes is becoming uncertain. As a result, harvesting potential surface runoff during the wet season is indispensable for satisfying demands in the dry period. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop site suitability index for the implementation of water harvesting techniques (WHTs) such as check dams and farm ponds. A GIS-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) integrated with the Soil Conservation Service-Curve number model was used to process and generate the suitability index. Results of the WHTs suitability index showed that from a total of 885 km stream length, 52.3% was highly suitable and 40.6% was moderately suitable for check dams. Similarly, 18% of the total study area was highly suitable and 51.2% was moderately suitable for farm ponds. The developed suitability indexes were validated and results showed that 88% of existing functional check dams were located in a moderately to very highly suitable streams. The remaining 12% of the check dams were located in unsuitable streams. Similarly, 74% of existing functional farm ponds were located in a moderately to highly suitable areas and the remaining 10% were located in unsuitable areas. Validation of GIS-based MCA integrated with hydrological model indicates that a similar method can be used to assess suitability of other areas to WHTs. Moreover, practitioners and decision makers can also use these findings for planning and development of water resources.

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Data availability

The recorded daily rainfall data of the currently existing rain gauge stations were obtained from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency, Landsat 8 image and digital elevation models (DEM) from USGS website, and Soil data was obtained from the soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa (FAO 1998).

Code availability

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency for providing daily rainfall data for the study area and Mekelle University-Norwegian University of Life Sciences (MU-NMBU)for financial support.

Funding

This research was funded by Mekelle University-Norwegian University of Life Sciences (MU-NMBU). Project registration number:Ref.No:RPDO/MSc/EiTM/MU-NMBU/24/2019

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  1. School of Civil Engineering, Ethiopian Institute of Technology-Mekelle, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia

    Freweyni Alem, Bizuneh Asfaw Abebe, Ahmed Mohammed Degu, Haddush Goitom & Berhane Grum

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  1. Freweyni Alem
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Contributions

FA contributed to the conceptualization, data collection, data analysis, preparing of the original draft manuscript. BAA contributed to formulating the objectives, methods, project administration, supervision, review, and editing. Ahmed Mohammed Degu assisted with the objective, methods, review, and editing. HG provided guidance during the project and edit the manuscript. BG contributed to the conceptualization, formulating of the overall project, supervision, structuring of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bizuneh Asfaw Abebe.

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Alem, F., Abebe, B.A., Degu, A.M. et al. Assessment of water harvesting potential sites using GIS-based MCA and a hydrological model: case of Werie catchment, northern Ethiopia. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 8, 70 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00652-x

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