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Phytoplasma association with phyllody of Sesamum species in India

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Abstract

Phyllody associated with the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ strains is the most important disease, severely affecting sesame plants, either partially or completely. Seven species of sesame, namely Sesamum alatum, S. indicum, S. malabaricum, S. mulayanum, S. radiatum, S. laciniatum and S. prostratum were studied for their resistance or susceptibility to phyllody, symptomatology and identification of the phytoplasma involved in symptom development. Symptoms viz., phyllody and flower virescence were recorded in all the seven species of Sesamum with varying degrees of susceptibility. Some sesame species exhibited yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, little leaves, proliferation of axillary shoots, witches’-broom, and splitting of capsules. The lowest incidence of phyllody was found in S. alatum (0–6%), followed by S. laciniatum (11–17%) and S. prostratum (16–27%). The incidence of phyllody in S. indicum, S. malabaricum, S. mulayanum and S. radiatum was between 44–68%. In the present investigation, two phytoplasma strains, 16SrI-B (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) and 16SrII-D (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’) were identified in phyllody affected Sesamum species. The perennial species S. laciniatum and S. prostratum, found only in India, are at risk of extinction due to phyllody and pose a serious threat as inoculum source for the spread of the disease. In the future, focus on genome sequencing of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ strains associated with phyllody in Sesamum species and identification of the insect vectors involved in phytoplasma transmission are essential to clarify the phytoplasma strain identity and understand the host–pathogen-vector relationship.

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Data availability

Data are included in the manuscript as Table 1 and sequence information are submitted in GenBank-NCBI.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, 680656, Kerala, India

    Thirumalaisamy PP, Pradheep K, Suma A & Latha M

  2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station Hyderabad, 500030, Telangana, India

    Parameswari B, Karthikaiselvi L & Anitha K

  3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Amal TC & Manivannan A

  4. Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Celia Chalam V

  5. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Regional Research Station Vridhachalam, 606001, Tamil Nadu, India

    Senthilraja G & Mahalingam A

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  1. Thirumalaisamy PP
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  2. Parameswari B
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  3. Karthikaiselvi L
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Contributions

TPP, PB, KL, ATC, PK, CCV helped in conceptualization, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft preparation and validation. SA, SP, MVA, MA performed reviewing and editing. LM, AK supervised the study.

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Correspondence to Thirumalaisamy PP.

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PP, T., B, P., L, K. et al. Phytoplasma association with phyllody of Sesamum species in India. Trop. plant pathol. 48, 594–603 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-023-00603-7

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