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Variant Meloidogyne javanica populations from Brazil could impact the breeding programs and the management in soybean fields

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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes are major pests worldwide and in Brazil, Meloidogyne javanica is one of the main species, causing severe damages on important economically crops, as soybean. Management is done mainly based on resistant cultivars, but some field populations of M. javanica have been reported to overcome the genetic resistance of resistant soybean cultivars. Aiming to evaluate variant populations of M. javanica, we conduct a study integrating morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to understand the possible variability between 14 M. javanica populations. Besides, these populations were inoculated on susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars to verify their virulence and reproductive fitness levels. Morphological characteristics prove that all populations belonged to the same species, M. javanica, and biochemical analysis showed two α-esterase phenotypes in the populations, the typical J3 and the atypical J2a. Besides, sequencing of ITS-1 rDNA and phylogenetic analysis revealed different clades of populations. When inoculated in soybean cultivars, all M. javanica were considered virulent to resistant cultivars, except one population derived from Duboisia spp., and great variation was observed in the reproductive fitness of these populations in the susceptible cultivar. We conclude that the variability found between Brazilian M. javanica populations can reduce the effectiveness of the management in soybean crops based on resistant cultivars and this variability must be taken into account by breeders in the development of new resistant cultivars.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

To Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, for the grants awarded to A.C.Z. Machado and to Rosangela Aparecida da Silva, from Fundação MT, for the supply of some M. javanica populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural Do Paraná IDR/IAPAR-EMATER, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

    Andressa C. Z. Machado, Santino A. Silva, Luciana Harumi Shigueoka & Orazilia França Dorigo

  2. Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Claudia Fernanda Carraro Lemes & Carolina Cardoso Deuner

  3. GDM Genética Do Brasil AS, Cambé, Paraná, Brazil

    Neucimara Rodrigues Ribeiro

Authors
  1. Andressa C. Z. Machado
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  2. Claudia Fernanda Carraro Lemes
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  3. Santino A. Silva
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  4. Luciana Harumi Shigueoka
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  5. Orazilia França Dorigo
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  6. Carolina Cardoso Deuner
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  7. Neucimara Rodrigues Ribeiro
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Andressa C. Z. Machado, Orazilia F. Dorigo, Luciana H. Shigueoka, Neucimara R. Rodrigues, Claudia F. C. Lemes, and Santino A. Silva. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Andressa C. Z. Machado and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Andressa C. Z. Machado.

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Machado, A.C.Z., Lemes, C.F.C., Silva, S.A. et al. Variant Meloidogyne javanica populations from Brazil could impact the breeding programs and the management in soybean fields. Trop. plant pathol. 47, 442–449 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-022-00492-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-022-00492-2

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