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Effect of Annealing Temperature of Brownish-Red Pigment Based on Iron Oxide Extracted by Hydrothermal Route from Mill-Scale Steel Slag

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Abstract

Materials based on iron oxide are still the most widely used red pigments. Although the synthetic iron oxide pigment industry has matured, there have been continuous efforts for more circular economy-based methods for the production of pigments. In this study, hematite has been extracted by a hydrothermal method from mill-scale steel slag and the brown–red pigment has been prepared. The extraction was done using sulfuric acid as a leaching agent; the addition of hydrogen peroxide favors the transformation of Fe2+ into Fe3+. The total conversion in the process was tested using potassium dichromate. The pH was stabilized by ammonia, in the process, the brown precipitate was formed in the solution, then the precipitate was filtered using Whatman filter paper and dried to be a powder. The extracted powder was annealed in an air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C. XRD, SEM with EDS, UV–VIS-NIR, and CIE-L*a*b* were used for examining the annealing temperature effect on the coloring property of the extracted powder pigment. The results show that by adjusting the annealing temperature, a color chart ranging from brown to red can be obtained, which means, an increase in temperature causes the change in particle size and this change influenced the pigment to be changed from a light-red-brown to a dark brown. In the end, the findings presented in this study provide new pathways for the global supply of red pigment using the circular economy approach.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Emerging Technology Institute, the Estonian Research Council (ETAG) through the PSG 466 (R.E. Rojas-Hernandez), and the ETAG through PRG643 (I. Hussainova). The authors also acknowledge Thomas C. Alex from NML, India for DT-TGA, DLS, and ICP-MS characterization support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science Directorate, Emerging Technology Center, Emerging Technology Institute, 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Zekarias G. Eticha

  2. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Zekarias G. Eticha & Femi Emanuel Olu

  3. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia

    Zekarias G. Eticha, Rocio E. Rojas-Hernandez & Irina Hussainova

  4. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, 378, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Esayas Alemayehu

  5. Africa Center of Excellent for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Esayas Alemayehu

  6. School of Chemical and Bioengineering, AAiT, Addis Ababa University, 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Abubeker Yimam

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  1. Zekarias G. Eticha
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  2. Rocio E. Rojas-Hernandez
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Correspondence to Zekarias G. Eticha or Esayas Alemayehu.

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The contributing editor for this article was Atsushi Shibayama.

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Eticha, Z.G., Rojas-Hernandez, R.E., Olu, F.E. et al. Effect of Annealing Temperature of Brownish-Red Pigment Based on Iron Oxide Extracted by Hydrothermal Route from Mill-Scale Steel Slag. J. Sustain. Metall. 8, 218–227 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00470-z

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