Abstract
The focus of this study is to determine the degree of soil pollution in Beni-Moussa irrigated perimeter. The soil is sampled at 25 various stations all through the perimeter to analyze a set of physical–chemical parameters like pH, organic matter (OM), carbonate content (CaCo3), granulometry, magnetic susceptibility at low frequency (χLF) and heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, As, Ni, Cd, and Fe). Pollution indices (Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution Load Index (PLI), and potential ecological risk assessment (PER) are used to evaluate the degree of pollution. The achieved results imply that the soil is alkaline, rich in OM and CaCo3, and has a silt texture. The soil EF and CF were: Cu > As > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cd > Pb. The PLI values indicate anthropogenic contamination originates from human and agricultural activities located around Ouled Ayad, Had Bou Moussa, and Afourer. Moreover, χLF is significantly positively correlated with PLI. The results further attest that PLI can be estimated from χLF through the following equation \({\text{PLI}} = 0.8\chi {\text{LF}} + 1\)
The study area presents low PER. Statistical analysis methods (Pearson correlation, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis) were used and the obtained results show that As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni have similar sources.
Our study provides updated information on the state of Beni Moussa soil from the point of view of metallic contamination, provides spatial distribution maps, and identifies the main sources of pollutants to rationalize the exploitation of this natural resource within the framework of sustainable development.
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El Hamzaoui, E.H., El Baghdadi, M., Oumenskou, H. et al. Spatial repartition and contamination assessment of heavy metal in agricultural soils of Beni-Moussa, Tadla plain (Morocco). Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 6, 1387–1406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00756-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00756-3