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Localised Corrosion of API 5L X65 Carbon Steel in Marine Environments: The Role of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB)

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Abstract

This research investigates the behaviour of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on API 5L X65 carbon steel in the presence of CO2 gas. The weight loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation were implemented to determine the corrosion behaviours. Biofilms, corrosion products and pit penetration rate were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infinite focus microscope (IFM). Findings from weight loss confirmed that specimens in the absence of SRB promote uniform corrosion with a higher corrosion rate value of 1.05 mm per yr compared to the pit penetration rate of 0.12 mm per yr. The IFM analysis shows that samples with the SRB presence promote localised corrosion due to the higher pit penetration rate value of 0.81 mm per yr than the uniform corrosion rate of 0.57 mm per yr. Furthermore, EIS measurements confirmed that corrosion products and biofilm formations affect the corrosion process. The surface analysis proved the presence of sulfur on metal specimens exposed to SRB in CO2 environments; this indication supports the formation of the FeS layer. Finally, the XRD test affirmed the formation of Fe3C and FeS in samples exposed to the SRB.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

We thank DNVGL@UKM lab for their experimental facilities to conduct this research project and the Centre of Research and Instrumentation Management (i-CRIM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for FESEM, EDS and XRD testing.

Funding

We are grateful for the financial support of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UKM/02/35) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) (GUP-2019-040).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Rabiahtul Zulkafli & Norinsan Kamil Othman

  2. Centre of Industrial Process Reliability and Sustainability (INPRES), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

    Najmiddin Yaakob

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  1. Rabiahtul Zulkafli
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Correspondence to Norinsan Kamil Othman.

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Zulkafli, R., Othman, N.K. & Yaakob, N. Localised Corrosion of API 5L X65 Carbon Steel in Marine Environments: The Role of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). J Bio Tribo Corros 9, 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-022-00730-9

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