Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Partnering for Success: Leveraging Legislation for Transitioning Students with Intellectual Disabilities

  • Tools for Practice
  • Published:
Contemporary School Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are incredibly vulnerable to poor post-school outcomes. Two mandates, the Higher Education Opportunity Act and Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, have emerged that may provide avenues to counter the discrepancy between the desire for career and college paths and actualization of employment and enrollment. The authors explore these legislative acts, their impact on transition services for students with IDD, and how school personnel can collaborate to create family, school, and community partnerships. Based on these acts, a practice framework, and the unique transition needs of students with IDD, practice recommendations are provided. Specific strategies for promoting application of these laws in the school setting are offered. Special attention is given to the partnership between special educators and school psychologists to help them navigate the legal implications for students with IDD and their families.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Act, S. 313/H.R.647 (2014).

  • Adreon, D., & Durocher, J. S. (2007). Evaluating the college transition needs of individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Intervention in School and Clinic, 42(5), 271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2018). Definition of intellectual disability. Retrieved from: https://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition. Accessed 23 June 2020.

  • American Psychological Association (2017). Disability and socioeconomic status. Retrieved from: www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/disability.aspx.

  • Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101–336, Stat.328 (1990).

  • Author (2018a). Citation blinded for review.

  • Author (2018b). Citation blinded for review.

  • Bargentos, S. R. (2015). The disability cliff. Retrieved from: https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/35/the-disability-cliff/

  • Beyer, S., Brown, T., Akandi, R., & Rapley, M. (2010). A comparison of quality of life outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities in supported employment, day services, and employment enterprises. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(3), 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00534.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butterworth, J., Hall, A. C., Smith, F. A., Migliore, A., Winsor, J., Domin, D., & Sulewski, J. (2013). State data: The national report on employment services and outcomes. Boston: University of Massachusetts Boston, Institute for Community Inclusion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., Austin, D., & Trainor, A. A. (2012). Predictors of post-school employment outcomes for young adults with severe disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 23(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073114144680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., Trainor, A. A., Cakiroglu, O., Swedeen, B., & Owens, L. A. (2010). Availability of and access to career development activities for transition-age youth with disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 33(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728809344332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cook, A. L., Hayden, L. A., Wilczenski, F., & Poynton, T. A. (2015). Increasing access to postsecondary education for students with intellectual disabilities. Journal of College Access, 1(1), 42–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. § 1232g (1974).

  • Feinstein, R. T., & Pollack, H. A. (2016). “We don’t have a plan. We should be working on a plan.”: Obstacles to caregiver transition planning for individuals with fragile x syndrome. Social Service Review, 90(3), 464–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelbar, N., Madaus, J. W., Dukes, L., Faggella-Luby, M., Volk, D., & Monahan, J. (2020). Self-determination and college students with disabilities: research trends and construct measurement. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 57(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2019.1631835.

  • Grigal, M., Hart, D., & Migliore, A. (2011). Comparing the transition planning, postsecondary education, and employment outcomes of students with intellectual and other disabilities. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 34(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728811399091.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grigal, M., Dwyre, A., Emmett, J., & Emmett, R. (2012a). A program evaluation tool for dual enrollment transition programs. Teaching Exceptional Children, 44(5), 36–45.

  • Grigal, M., Hart, D., & Weir, C. (2012b). A survey of postsecondary education programs for students with intellectual disabilities in the United States. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 223–233.

  • Grigal, M., Hart, D., Smith, F. A., Domin, D., & Weir, C. (2016). Think College National Coordinating Center: Annual report on the transition and postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities (2013–2014). Boston: University of Massachusetts Boston, Institute for Community Inclusion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, D., Grigal, M., Sax, C., Martinez, D., & Will, M. (2006). Postsecondary education options for students with intellectual disabilities. Research to Practice, 45, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higher Education Opportunity Act, Pub. L. No. 110–315 (2008).

  • Hurlbutt, K., & Chalmers, L. (2004). Employment and adults with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19, 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576040190040301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (2004).

  • Lachapelle, Y., Wehmeyer, M. L., Haelewyck, M. C., Courbois, Y., Keith, K. D., Schalock, R., Verdugo, M. A., & Walsh, P. N. (2005). The relationship between quality of life and self-determination: An international study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 740–744. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00743.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laxman, D. L., Lounds Taylor, J., DaWalt, L. S., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R. (2019). Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study. Autism Research, 12(6), 911–921. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2113.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lillenstein, D. J., Levinson, E. M., Sylvester, C. A., & Brady, E. E. (2006). School psychologist involvement in transition planning: A comparison of attitudes and perceptions of school psychologists and transition coordinators. The Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education, 29(1), 4–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipscomb, S., Haimson, J., Liv, A. Y., Burghardt, J., Johnson, D. R., & Thurlow, M. L. (2017). Preparing for life after high school: Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012. Volume 1: Comparisons with other youth: Full report (NCEE 2017-4016). Washington, D. C.: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Services, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, J., Pender, M., & Payea, K. (2016). Education pays, 2010: The benefits of higher education for individuals and society. Trends in Higher Education Series. College Board Advocacy & Policy Center.

  • Mazzotti, V. L., Rowe, D. A., Sinclair, J., Poppen, M., Woods, W. E., & Shearer, M. L. (2015). Predictors of post-school success: A systematic review of NLTS2 secondary analyses. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 39(4), 196–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143415588047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, D., Conroy, J., & Cerreto, M. (2012). Parent involvement in the transition process of children with intellectual disabilities: The influence of inclusion on parent desires and expectations for postsecondary education. Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(4), 279–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier, K. N. (2017). Students with intellectual disabilities accessing postsecondary education settings: Promoting education equity: Seeing students for their ability first and supporting their development as contributing members into a diverse society (doctoral dissertation). Irvine: Brandman University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, E., Schuler, A., Burton, B. A., & Yates, G. B. (2003). Meeting the vocational support needs of individuals with Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 163–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of School Psychologists (2012). National Association of School Psychologists vision, mission, core values, and priorities [PDF document]. Retrieved from: https://nasponline.org/utility/about-nasp/vision-mission-core-values-and-priorities. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • National Association of School Psychologists (2015). NASP practice model: Implementation guide [PDF document]. Retrieved from: http://www.nasponline.org/documents/standards%20and%20certification/standards/practicemodelguide_web.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • National Technical Assistance Center on Transition (2019a). Effective practices and predictors matrix [PDF document]. Retrieved from: https://www.transitionta.org/epmatrix. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • National Technical Assistance Center on Transition (2019b). Predictors of post-school success [PDF document]. Retrieved from: https://transitionta.org/system/files/resourcetrees/PD_Inclusion_Predictor_2015.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=665. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Neece, C. L., Kraemer, B. R., & Blancher, J. (2009). Transition satisfaction and family wellbeing among parents of young adults with severe intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 47(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1352/2009.47:31-43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L., Wagner, M., Cameto, R., & Knokey, A. M. (2009). The post-high school outcomes of youth with disabilities up to 4 years after high school. A report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) (NCSER 2009–3017). Menlo Park: SRI International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L., Wagner, M., Knockey, A. M., Marder, C., Nagle, K., & Shaver, D. (2011). The post-high school outcomes of youth with disabilities up to 8 years after high school: A report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) (NCSER 2011–3005). Menlo Park: SRI International Retrieved from www.nlts2.org/reports. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Polaneczky, R. (2017). Falling off the cliff: Part 1: A crisis for the disabled. Retrieved from https://www.inquirer.com/columnists/inq/falling-off-cliff-part-1-lack-solutions-adults-with-disabilities-creates-crisis-20171202.html. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Rehabilitation Act, Public Law No. 93–112 (1973).

  • Remnick, N. (2019 ). The coming care crisis as kids with autism grow up. The Atlantic. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/02/lack-services-adults-autism/582586. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Repetto, J. B., Webb, K. W., Garvan, C. W., & Washington, T. (2002). Connecting student outcomes with transition practices in Florida. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288020500203.

  • Sampson, V. (2008). Dear Colleague Letter: The Higher Education Opportunity Act. Retrieved from: https://ifap.ed.gov/dpcletters/GEN0812FP0810.html. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Shattuck, P. T., Narendorf, S. C., Cooper, B., Sterzing, P. R., Wagner, M., & Taylor, J. L. (2012). Postsecondary education and employment among youth with an autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 129(6), 1042–1049. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2864.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shogren, K. A., & Plotner, A. J. (2012). Transition planning for students with intellectual disability, autism, or other disabilities: Data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 50(1), 16–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. A., Ayres, K. A., Alexander, J., Ledford, J. R., Shepley, C., & Shepley, S. B. (2016). Initiation and generalization of self-instructional skills in adolescents with autism and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1196–1209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2654-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stodden, R. A. (2000). Postsecondary education and employment for students with disabilities: Executive summary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, National Center for the Study of Postsecondary Educational Supports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. M., & Colvin, K. L. (2013). Universal design: A tool to help college students with Asperger's syndrome engage on campus. About Campus, 18(3), 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Mazzotti, V. L., Mustian, A. L., Fowler, C. H., Kortering, L., & Kohler, P. (2009). Evidence-based secondary transition predictors for improving postschool outcomes for students with disabilities. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 32(3), 160–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728809346960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ThinkCollege (2018). ThinkCollege fact sheet [PDF document]. Downloaded from https://thinkcollege.net/resource/policies-and-practices/think-college-fact-sheet. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Thoma, C. A. (2013). Postsecondary education for students with intellectual disability (ID): Complex layers. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 26(4), 285–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Persons with a Disability: Labor Force Characteristics Summary. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.nr0.htm. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (2017). A transition guide to postsecondary education and employment for students and youth with disabilities. Washington: DC. Retrieved from https://ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/transition/products/postsecondary-transition-guide-2017. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living (2016). Key provisions of the independent living final rule [PDF document]. Retrieved from: https://www.acl.gov/sites/default/files/about-acl/2016-11/Key%20Provisions%20of%20the%20Independent%20Living%20Final%20Rule%20-%20External%20version%20final1.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • U.S. Department of Labor, Employment, and Training Administration (2019). FAQs – CareerOneStop. Retrieved from: https://www.careeronestop.org/Help/FAQs-CareerOneStop.aspx. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Walden, E. D., Leve, L. D., & Lindstrom, L. E. (2020). Paths 2 the future college and career readiness curriculum: recommendations for school psychologists. Journal of Applied School Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2020.1799130.

  • Wilczenski, F. L., Cook, A. L., & Regal, C. P. (2017). Rethinking college: Roles for school psychologists in transition planning for students with intellectual disability. Contemporary School Psychology, 21(1), 71–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, H. R. 803, Public Law 113–128 (2014).

  • Workforce Innovation Technical Assistance Center (2016). About us. Retrieved from https://www.wintac.org/about-us. Accessed 23 June 2007.

  • Workforce Investment Act, Pub.L. 105–220, 112 Stat. 936 (1998).

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Ruth Schumacher-Martinez, Ph.D, and DJ Roberts, Ed.S., for their contributions to conceptualizing this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Devadrita Talapatra.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval of Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

This is a review article, and no informed consent is required.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Talapatra, D., Snider, L.A. Partnering for Success: Leveraging Legislation for Transitioning Students with Intellectual Disabilities. Contemp School Psychol 26, 309–320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-020-00347-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-020-00347-0

Keywords

Navigation