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Below-ground physiological processes enhancing phosphorus acquisition in plants

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Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop growth and development. In acid soils, inorganic P (Pi) is immobilised with Fe3+ and Al3+, whereas in calcareous soils, it is fixed with Ca2+. Therefore, P nutrition is not constrained by soil P content per se but by its bioavailability to plants. The large amounts of P fertiliser applied to agricultural land to increase crop P availability can cause eutrophication of non-flowing water bodies. Being a non-renewable resource, P reserves are becoming depleted. Soil P mobilisation is governed by multiple adaptations at the physiological and molecular levels. Below-ground physiological processes including favourable root architecture and morphology, and release of carboxylates, protons and root secretory phosphohydrolases result in significant modification of the rhizosphere microenvironment thereby enhancing P acquisition. Beneficial soil microorganisms work in tandem with plants to mobilise bioavailable soil P. Phosphorus acquisition through rhizosphere modifications is an exciting area of research for plant nutritionists.

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Fig. 1

Source: Vengavasi et al. (2017)

Fig. 2

Source: Pandey et al. (2015)

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Extra Mural Research Division [Grant Number 38(1354)/13/EMR-II] of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, to RP. Rothamsted Research receives grant-aided support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) through the Designing Future Wheat programme [BB/P016855/1] to MJH.

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  1. Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Krishnapriya Vengavasi & Renu Pandey

  2. Plant Physiology Section, Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641 007, India

    Krishnapriya Vengavasi

  3. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Ambalavayal, Wayanad,, Kerala, 673593, India

    P. R. Soumya

  4. Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK

    Malcolm J. Hawkesford

  5. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia

    Kadambot H. M. Siddique

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  1. Krishnapriya Vengavasi
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Vengavasi, K., Pandey, R., Soumya, P.R. et al. Below-ground physiological processes enhancing phosphorus acquisition in plants. Plant Physiol. Rep. 26, 600–613 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-021-00627-8

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