Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Palash (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.): a Systematic Review

  • Natural Products: From Chemistry to Pharmacology (Z-Y SU, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Pharmacology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. is an Indian traditional medicinal tree, aka “flame of forest,” “palash,” “bastard teak,” and “dhak.” The family comprises 630 genera and 18,000 species distributed throughout Asian countries. It is traditionally used since the Vedic era for different therapeutic purposes in various parts of India. This review is aimed to provide updated report on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of B. monosperma that have been revealed till now.

Recent Findings

This plant exhibits various pharmacological properties such as anti-helminthic, anti-conceptive, anti-stress, anti-estrogenic, antifertility, antimicrobial, chemopreventive, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects because of specific metabolites present in its parts. Some of the most renowned phytochemicals present in it include flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, proteins, lipids, and sterols. Earlier phytochemical studies have underlined several metabolites, including 3,4,2’,4’-tetrahydrochalcone-3,4-diglucoside (isobutrin), 7,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavanone-7,3’-diglucoside (butrin), cajanin, isoformononetin, stigmasterol, butein, medicarpin, and butinas responsible for their excellent pharmacological activities.

Summary

Compelling evidence support the traditional ethnomedicinal claims of B. monosperma and its wide range of bioactivities are attributed to the rich phytocompounds present in this botanical. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanistic role of its bioactive compounds coupled with drug development processes and to explore the potential at clinical levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Sharma R, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Traditional Ayurvedic and herbal remedies for Alzheimer’s disease: from bench to bedside. Expert Rev Neurother. 2019;19(5):359–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Pawar SR, Kulkarni VD, Kudale RR. Pharmacological profile of palash (Butea monosperma lam.): a review. Int J AYUSH. 2019;8(1):36–52.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Shrirao AV, Kochar NI, Chandewar AV. Butea monosperma: an ornamental plant to precious herb. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2017;8(5):1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  4. • Jat, D.., Mishra, D.., & Sharma, D. (2020). An extensive Study of Palash (Butea Monosperma Lam.) In BrihatTrayi– A Review. International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga, 3(9), 261–274. (This review highlighted the traditional therapeutic significance of this plant in the three main ancient trteatise of Ayurveda- Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga.)

  5. Mall AR, Saxena H, Agrawal NE, Sarkar NA. Natural dyes from leaves of Butea monosperma and its application on cotton fabric, using chemical and natural mordants. Int J Text Fash Technol. 2017;7(5):27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tiwari P, Jena S, Sahu PK. Butea monosperma: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Acta Sci Pharm Sci. 2019;3(4):19–26.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sridhar KB, Kumar S, Chavan SB, Uthappa AR, Dwivedi RP, Singh M, Singh R. Butea monosperma: The Kalpvruksha of Bundelkhand region.

  8. Burlia DA, Khadeb AB. A comprehensive review on Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007;1(2):333–7.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Khare CP, Plants IM. An illustrated dictionary. Indian Medicinal Plants. 2007;812.

  10. Hocking D. Trees for drylands.

  11. Sutariya BK, Saraf MN. A Comprehensive review on pharmacological profile of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015;5(09):159–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hirpara KD, Ramoliya PJ, Patel AD, Pandey AN. Effect of salinisation of soil on growth and macro-and micro-nutrient accumulation in seedlings of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae). InAnales de biología 2005 (No. 27, pp. 3–14). Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia.

  13. Vaghela PM, Patel NT, Pandey IB, Pandey AN. Implications of calcium nutrition on the response of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae) to soil salinity. InAnales de Biología 2010 (No. 32, p. 15). Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia.

  14. Rai A, Singh AK, Pandey VC, Ghosal N, Singh N. The importance of Butea monosperma for the restoration of degraded lands. Ecol Eng. 2016;1(97):619–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jhade D, Ahirwar D, Sharma NK, Jain R, Gupta S. Butea monosperma (Lam.) taubert: a review. J Pharm Res. 2009;2(7):1181–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dwivedi DV. PalashaVriksh (Butea monosperma) in Vedic Tradition.

  17. •• Prasad PV, Subhaktha PK, Narayana A, Rao MM. Palăśa (Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub.) and its medico-historical study. Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine (Hyderabad). 2006 Jul 1;36(2):117–28. (This report provided in-depth details ofmedico-historical information of this botanical.)

  18. More BH, Sakharwade SN, Tembhurne SV, Sakarkar DM. Ethnobotany & Ethanopharmacology of Butea Monosperma(Lam) Kuntze-A Compressive Review. Am J PharmTech Res. 2012;2(5):138–59.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gupta A, Singh S, Gaur K, Singh A, Kumar L. A Review on Pharmacognostic Study of Butea Monosperma. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2017;8:196–9. https://doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.082112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rana F, Avijit M. Review on Butea monosperma. Int J Res Pharm Chem. 2012;2(4):1035–9.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mishra A, Verma S, Mishra AP. A plant review: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2012;3(1):700–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nadkarni KM. Indian materia medica: With ayurvedic, unani-tibbi, siddha, allopathic, homeopathic, naturopathic and home remedies, appendices and indexes-Vol. 2. Ramdas Bhatkal, Popular Prakashan Private Ltd; 1976.

  23. Mishra M, Shukla YN, Kumar S. Euphane triterpenoid and lipid constituents from Butea monosperma. Phytochemistry. 2000;54(8):835–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Tandon SP, Tiwari KP. Saxena, and VK Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. India, Section A: Physical Sciences. 1969;39:237–9.

  25. Bandara BM, Kumar NS, Wimalasiri KM. Constituents of the stem bark from Butea monosperma (Leguminosae). Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka. 1990;18(2):97–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Singh AN, Upadhye AB, Mhaskar VV, Dev S. Chemistry of lac resin—VI: Components of soft resin. Tetrahedron. 1974;30(7):867–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Manjunath BL. The Wealth of India. A Dictionary of India Raw Material and Industrial Products. Vol. 1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, Republic of India. 1948.

  28. Chandra S, Lal J, Sabir M. Phytochemical investigation of Butea frondosa seeds. Indian J Pharm. 1977;39:79–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Prasad RB, Rao YN, Rao SV. Phospholipids of palash (Butea monosperma), papaya (Carica papaya), janglibadam (Sterculia foetida), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and carrot (Daucus carota) seeds. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1987;64(10):1424–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lal J, Chandra S, Sabir M. Modified method for isolation of Palasonin the anthelmintic principle of Butea frondosa seeds. Ind J Pharmacol Sci. 1978;40:97–8.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants,(CDRI, Lucknow and Publication and information Directorate, New Delhi. Vol. II. 1979;115.

  32. Lavhale MS, Mishra SH. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Butea monosperma Lam. Indian J Exp Biol. 2007;45(4):376–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kondalreddy J, Aparna N, Preethi U, Sruthi DS. Pharmacological Screening of Anti Diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Leaves And Flowers of Butea Monosperma. J Pharmacol. 2019;4(1):48–52.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Yadava RN, Tiwari L. New antifungal flavone glycoside from Butea monosperma O. Kuntze. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2007;22(4):497–500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Panda S, Jafri M, Kar A, Meheta BK. Thyroid inhibitory, antiperoxidative and hypoglycemic effects of stigmasterol isolated from Butea monosperma. Fitoterapia. 2009;80(2):123–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Akhtar MS, Naeem F, Muhammad F, Bhatty N. Effect of Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub.(Palaspapra) fruit on blood glucose and lipid profiles of normal and diabetic human volunteers. Afr J Pharm Pharm. 2010;4(8):539–44.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jamkhande PG, Patil PH, Surana SJ. Evaluation of n-butanolic fractions of butea monosperma flowers on dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in mice. Int J Phytopharm Res. 2010;1:1.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Parveen K, Siddiqui WA. Protective effect of Butea monosperma on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced non-genetic rat model of type 2 diabetes: Biochemical and histological evidences. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011;3(3):74–81.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Talubmook C, Buddhakala N. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of flower extract from Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. GSTF Journal of BioSciences. 2012 Dec 1;2(1).

  40. Yadav S, Chaturvedi N, Sharma S, Murthy R, Dwivedi KN. Antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of butea monosperma (LAM) Taub bark. Food Science. 2012;42:6562–7.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Divya BT, Mini S. Ethanol extract of Butea monosperma bark modulates dyslipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol. 2014;52(8):1021–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. • Samad MB, Kabir AU, D'Costa NM, Akhter F, Ahmed A, Jahan MR, Hannan JM. Ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma leaves elevate blood insulin level in type 2 diabetic rats, stimulate insulin secretion in isolated rat islets, and enhance hepatic glycogen formation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014 Jan 1;2014. (The study established impressive role of this botanical on glycemic control.)

  43. Farooq MU, Mumtaz MW, Mukhtar H, Rashid U, Akhtar MT, Raza SA, Nadeem M. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based phytochemical characterization and anti-hyperglycemic prospective of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Butea monosperma. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Harish M, Ahmed F, Urooj A. In vitro hypoglycemic effects of Butea monosperma Lam. leaves and bark. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51(2):308–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sharma N, Garg V. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Butea monosperma Lam flowers in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

  46. Somani R, Kasture S, Singhai AK. Antidiabetic potential of Butea monosperma in rats. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(2):86–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. William CM, Krishna MG. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) stem bark in experimental animals. Pharmacologyonline. 2007;2:88–94.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Shahavi VM, Desai SK. Anti-inflammatory activity of Butea monosperma flowers. Fitoterapia. 2008;79(2):82–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. • Rasheed Z, Akhtar N, Khan A, Khan KA, Haqqi TM. Butrin, isobutrin, and butein from medicinal plant Butea monosperma selectively inhibit nuclear factor-κB in activated human mast cells: Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2010 May 1;333(2):354–63. (The study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of key phytocompounds of this botanical on inflammatory reactions in human mast cells.)

  50. •• Krolikiewicz-Renimel I, Michel T, Destandau E, Reddy M, André P, Elfakir C, Pichon C. Protective effect of a Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. flowers extract against skin inflammation: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activities. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2013 Jul 9;148(2):537–43. (The study validates the anti-inflammatory and anti-aging traditional claims of B. monosperma.)

  51. Singh A, Kaur M, Choudhary A, Kumar B. Effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts on cyclophosphamide induced clastogenicity and oxidative stress in mice. Pharmacognosy research. 2015;7(1):85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Sehrawat A, Sultana S. Chemoprevention by Butea monosperma of hepatic carcinogenesis and oxidative damage in male wistar rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006;7(1):140.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Polachi N, Nagaraja P, Subramaniyan B, Mathan G. Antiproliferative activity of N-butanol floral extract from Butea monosperma against hct 116 colon cancer cells; drug likeness properties and in silico evaluation of their active compounds toward glycogen synthase kinase-3β/axin and β-catenin/T-cell factor-4 protein complex. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2015;8(1):134–41.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Choedon T, Shukla SK, Kumar V. Chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties of the aqueous extract of flowers of Butea monosperma. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;129(2):208–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. •• Karia P, Patel KV, Rathod SS. Breast cancer amelioration by Butea monosperma in-vitro and in-vivo. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2018 May 10;217:54–62. (The study explored chemoprotective role of B. monosperma via apoptotic role and inhibitory role against angiogenesis and metastasis.)

  56. Kaur V, Kumar M, Kumar A, Kaur S. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Bark fractions protect against free radicals and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via cell-cycle arrest and ROS-mediated pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2020;43(4):398–408.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ahmad M, Bhatti AS, Maryam S, Afzal S, Ahmad M, Gillani AN. Hepatoprotective evaluation of Butea monosperma against liver damage by paracetamol in rabbits. Annals of King Edward Medical University. 2010;16(1 SI).

  58. Tiwari P, Kumar K, Panik R, Pandey A, Pandey A, Sahu PK. Hepatoprotective potentials of Butea monosperma stem bark extract against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Res J Pharmacol Pharmacodyn. 2011;3(5):281–4.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Sehrawat A, Kumar V. Butein imparts free radical scavenging, anti-oxidative and proapoptotic properties in the flower extracts of Butea monosperma. Biocell. 2012;36(2):63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Sathish R, Kumar PS, Natarajan K, Sridhar N. Hepatoprotective and Anti Pyretic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Butea Monosperma Lam Stem Bark In Wister Rats. Asian J Pharm Res. 2011;1(4):130–3.

    Google Scholar 

  61. • Kaur V, Kumar M, Kaur P, Kaur S, Singh AP, Kaur S. Hepatoprotective activity of Butea monosperma bark against thioacetamide-induced liver injury in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017;89:332–41. (Interesting work establishing the promising hepatoprotective role of this botanical.)

  62. Sonkar N, Ganeshpurkar A, Yadav P, Dubey S, Bansal D, Dubey N. An experimetal evaluation of nephroprotective potential of Butea monosperma extract in albino rats. Ind J Pharm. 2014;46(1):109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Sutariya B, Badgujar L, Somani S, Saraf M. Anti-nephritic potential of n-butanolic fraction of Butea monosperma (Lam.) flowers on doxorubicin induced nephrotic syndrome in rats. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP). 2015;6(4):478–88.

  64. Bajaj J, Jain S, Sharma S. Prophylactic Effect of Butea monosperma against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;9(2-s):62–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Shirole RL, Kshatriya AA, Sutariya BK, Saraf MN. Mechanistic evaluation of Butea monosperma using in vitro and in vivo murine models of bronchial asthma. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP). 2013;4(3):322–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Kasture VS, Chopde CT, Deshmukh VK. Anticonvulsive activity of Albizzia lebbeck, Hibiscus rosa sinesis and Butea monosperma in experimental animals. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1–2):65–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Kasture VS, Kasture SB, Chopde CT. Anticonvulsive activity of Butea monosperma flowers in laboratory animals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002;72(4):965–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Sangale P, Deshmukh D, Bhambere R. Anticonvulsant Effect of Leaf and Bark of Erythrina Variegata Linn and Butea Monosperma (LAM) Taub in different Experimental Convulsion Model in Rats. PharmaTutor. 2015;3(5):19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Silambujanaki P, Chitra V, Suman K, Sankari M, Raju D, Bala TC. Anti-convulsant activity of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma leaves. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2010;1(2):431–5.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Bhatwadekar AD, Chintawar SD, Logade NA, Somani RS, Veena KS, Kasture SB. Antistress activity of Butea monosperma flowers. Ind J Pharmacol. 1999;31(2):153.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Velis H, Kasture A, Maxia A, Sanna C, Mohan M, Kasture S. Antidopaminergic activity of isoflavone isolated from Butea Monosperma flowers. Pharmacology. 2008;1(1):159–68.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Dixit P, Prakash T, Karki R, Kotresha D. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats.

  73. Golandaz G, Pal AK, Uplanchiwar V, Gautam RK. Butea monosperma flower extract partially reduces high-fat diet induced obesity in experimental rats. Obesity Medicine. 2020;17:100179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Joshi A, Malviya N. Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Butea monosperma leaves. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019 Apr 24;9(2-A):62–7.

  75. AHMED GS, NAJM MA, JABBAR AS, HASSAN F. Role of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Butea monosperma Linn. In Memory Enhancing Activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020 Oct;12(4).

  76. Sharma RO, Chakraborthy GU, Mazumder AV. Evaluation Of Wound Healing Potential Of Methanol Extract Of Flower Of Butea Monosperma (Lam). Int J of Curr Pharmaceutical Res. 2012;4:29–32.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Muralidhar A, Babu KS, Sankar TR, Reddanna P, Latha J. Wound healing activity of flavonoid fraction isolated from the stem bark of Butea monosperma (Lam) in albino wistar rats. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2013;3(6):1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Bhargava SK. Estrogenic and postcoital anticonceptive activity in rats of butin isolated from Butea monosperma seed. J Ethnopharmacol. 1986;18(1):95–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sharma SK, Rai G, Vasudeva N. Anti-fertility investigation of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze root in female albino mice. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant2012. 2012;6(3):260–6.

  80. Borkar VS, Gangurde HH, Gulecha VS, Bhoyar PK, Mundada AS. Evaluation of in vitro antihelmintic activity of leaves of Butea monosperma. International Journal of phytomedicine. 2010 Jan 1;2(1).

  81. Sant A, Ingole A, Dhabarde D, Kamble M. Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of flower extract of Butea monosperma var. lutea. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2014 Mar 1;2(6).

  82. Iqbal Z, Lateef M, Jabbar A, Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Butea monosperma against Trichostrongylid nematodes in sheep. Fitoterapia. 2006;77(2):137–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Singh G, Singh R, Verma PK, Singh R, Anand A. Anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze against Haemonchuscontortus of sheep and goats. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2015 Jun;39(2):200–5.

  84. Sahare KN, Anandhraman V, Meshram VG, Meshram SU, Singh V, Reddy MV, Goswami K. Antifilarial Potential of Butea monosperma L. against microfilaria in vitro. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2012;4(3):1181–4.

  85. Deshmukh M, Sahare KN, Patidar RK, Mahajan B, Singh V. Antifilarial activity of Butea monosperma L. leaves extracts against Setariacervi. Trends in Vector Research and Parasitology.2014;1(1):1–5.

  86. Dhale DA, Chamle DR, Panchal VH. Evaluations of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae). J Phytology. 2010;2(12):17–21.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Malpani MO, Rajput PR, Mane VD, Deshpande AR. Phytochemical Screening, Characterization and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Butea monosperma Flower, Leaves and Gum: Methanolic and Aqueous Extract. Int J Chem Res. 2012;1:17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Sahu MC, Padhy RN. In vitro antibacterial potency of Butea monosperma Lam. against 12 clinically isolated multidrug resistant bacteria. Asian Pacific journal of tropical disease. 2013;3(3):217–26.

  89. • Sharma D, Patel S, Verma K, Gudlawar S, Chakraborty D, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Antibacterial and antidiarrheal activity of Butea Monospermea bark extract against waterborne enterobacter Cloacae in rodents: In-vitro, Ex-vivo and In-Vivo evidences. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2019 Sep 15;241:112014. (The study established antibacterial and antidiarrheal potential of B. monosperma through experimental investigations.)

  90. Manivasagan, V., Kamesh,R., Surendiran,K., Ramprashath, S.& Ramesh Babu G. N.(2019) "Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extract of Butea Monosperma Leaves", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455–2631, Vol.4, Issue 2, page no.39 – 43.

  91. Maurya R, Yadav DK, Singh G, Bhargavan B, Murthy PN, Sahai M, Singh MM. Osteogenic activity of constituents from Butea monosperma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009;19(3):610–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Bhargavan B, Gautam AK, Singh D, Kumar A, Chaurasia S, Tyagi AM, Yadav DK, Mishra JS, Singh AB, Sanyal S, Goel A. Methoxylated isoflavones, cajanin and isoformononetin, have non-estrogenic bone forming effect via differential mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. J Cell Biochem. 2009;108(2):388–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Nanotechnology in medicine: Leads from Ayurveda. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2016;8(1):80–1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Liquid media’s in Bhavana Samskara: A pharmaceutico-therapeutic prospect. J Phytopharm. 2015;4:49–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Ali SG, Ansari MA, Jamal QM, Almatroudi A, Alzohairy MA, Alomary MN, Rehman S, Mahadevamurthy M, Jalal M, Khan HM, Adil SF. Butea monosperma seed extract mediated biosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing potentialities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2021;14(4):103044.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Behera B, Pradhan S, Samantaray A, Pradhan D. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of Hematite (-Fe2O3) nanoparticles from Butea monosperma on MCF-7 Cells. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2020;14(2):29–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Jaswal VS, Chaudhary A, Thakur P, Sharma D, Arora AK, Khanna R, Tuli HS. ZnO nanoparticle with promising antimicrobial and antiproliferation synergistic properties. InComprehensive Analytical Chemistry 2019 Jan 1 (Vol. 87, pp. 251–262). Elsevier.

  98. Ghoshal KP. Green Nanoparticles From Butea Monosperma And Their Antimicrobial Activities.

  99. Das M, Smita SS. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bark extracts of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. and study of their antimicrobial activity. Applied Nanoscience. 2018 Jun;8(5):1059–67.

  100. Pattanayak S, Mollick MM, Maity D, Chakraborty S, Dash SK, Chattopadhyay S, Roy S, Chattopadhyay D, Chakraborty M. Butea monosperma bark extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization and biomedical applications. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2017;21(6):673–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Gadekar GP, Ghaoshal KP, Ghatole AM. Butea Monosperma Bark Extract To Its Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles And Their Antioxidant, Total Flavonoid Content And Antimicrobial Activities. J Appl Biol Sci. 2021;15(1):64–74.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Mandal P, Ghosh S. Green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol)–silver nanoparticles hybrid using Palash (Butea monosperma) flower extract and investigation of antibacterial activity. Polym Bull. 2018;75(5):1949–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Remarks on “Herbal immune booster-induced liver injury in the COVID-19 pandemic-a case series.” J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022;12(1):247–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Sharma R, Martins N, Kuca K, Chaudhary A, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Chyawanprash: a traditional Indian bioactive health supplement. Biomolecules. 2019;9(5):161.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Sharma R, Bolleddu R, Maji JK, Ruknuddin G, Prajapati PK. In-vitro α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and in-vivo anti-hyperglycemic potential of different dosage forms of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia [Willd.] Miers) prepared with Ayurvedic Bhavana process. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021 May 10;12:903.

  106. •• Donga S, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Ashok BK, Mishtry IU. Chronic toxicity study of Butea monosperma (Linn.) Kuntze seeds in albino rats. Ayu. 2011 Jan;32(1):120. (Detailed study to establish the safety profile of the botanical.)

  107. Murlidhar A, Babu KS, Sankar TR, Redenna P, Reddy GV, Latha J. Antiinflammatory activity of flavonoid fraction isolated from stem bark of Butea monosperma (Lam): a mechanism based study. Int J Phytopharm. 2010;1(2):124–32.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Arefin SM, Islam MA, Rashid ST, Rayhan MA, Hossen MM, Alam MJ, Shahriar M. Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and CNS effect of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma roots. Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences. 2015;4(1):9–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. Dhiraj A. Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies on Leaves of Butea Monosperma(L) Toub (Doctoral dissertation, Padmavathi College of Pharmacy, Dharmapuri), India.

  110. More BH, Sakharwade SN, Tembhurne SV, Sakarkar DM. Evaluation for skin irritancy testing of developed formulations containing extract of Butea monosperma for its topical application. International Journal of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2013;3(1):10–3.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Sharma R, Martins N. Telomeres, DNA damage and ageing: potential leads from Ayurvedic Rasayana (anti-ageing) drugs. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2544.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Kakodkar P, Sharma R, Dubewar AP. Classical vs commercial: Is the’efficacy’of chyawanprash lost when tradition is replaced by modernization? Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2021;12(4):751.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  113. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Predictive, preventive and personalized medicine: leads from ayurvedic concept of Prakriti (human constitution). Current Pharmacology Reports. 2020;3:1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research has received no external funding.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Poonam Kumari and Kirti Raina contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, TAB Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India

    Poonam Kumari, Kirti Raina, Pardeep Kumar & Ashun Chaudhary

  2. Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, TAB Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India

    Sunil Thakur

  3. Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173230, India

    Rohit Sharma

  4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

    Natália Cruz-Martins

  5. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal

    Natália Cruz-Martins

  6. Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal

    Natália Cruz-Martins

  7. Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Kalyan Barman

  8. ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Swati Sharma

  9. Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India

    Dileep Kumar

  10. Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, 110076, India

    Pradeep Kumar Prajapati

  11. Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rohit Sharma

Authors
  1. Poonam Kumari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kirti Raina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sunil Thakur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rohit Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Natália Cruz-Martins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pardeep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kalyan Barman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Swati Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Dileep Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Rohit Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Ashun Chaudhary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, Methodology, data collection and Writing-original manuscript, P.K., K.R., and R.S.; Editing and proof reading, S.T., R.S., N.C.M., S.S., P.K., K.B., D.K., P.K.P. and A.C.; Supervision: A.C., and R.S. All authors approved submission of the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rohit Sharma or Ashun Chaudhary.

Ethics declarations

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Natural Products: From Chemistry to Pharmacology

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumari, P., Raina, K., Thakur, S. et al. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Palash (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.): a Systematic Review. Curr Pharmacol Rep 8, 188–204 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-022-00286-9

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-022-00286-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation