Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Language Learning as Linguistic Entrepreneurship: Implications for Language Education

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The growing emphasis on accountability, competitiveness, efficiency, and profit demonstrates how language education has been impacted by neoliberalism. To bring out the implications of neoliberalism on language education, we explore how language learning is increasingly constructed as a form of linguistic entrepreneurship, or an act of aligning with the moral imperative to strategically exploit language-related resources for enhancing one’s worth in the world. To critically examine the political conditions that promote such an ethical regime, we focus on how linguistic entrepreneurship can be indexed through two distinct aspects, the motivation for and the mode of language learning. We then discuss under what circumstances the notion of linguistic entrepreneurship might be invoked and what kind of contradictions this entails. We conclude by considering the implications for language policy and language education.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://www.entrepreneuriallinguist.com/about/; accessed August 9, 2015.

  2. Example from previously unpublished data; translated from Korean by Park and Bae.

  3. Example from previously unpublished data; translated from Korean by Park and Bae.

  4. HDB = Housing Development Board, a statutory public housing organization in Singapore.

  5. ‘Full text: China’s new party chief Xi Jinping’s speech,’ November 15, 2012, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china; accessed August 12, 2015.

References

  • Alim, H. S. (2010). Critical language awareness. In N. H. Hornberger & S. L. McKay (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education (pp. 427–454). Tonawanda, NY: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bae, S. H. (2013). The pursuit of multilingualism in transnational educational migration: Strategies of linguistic investment among Korean jogi yuhak families in Singapore. Language and Education, 27(5), 415–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, K. A., Hellmich, E. A., Katznelson, N., Shin, J., & Vinall, K. (2015). Introduction to special Issue: Critical perspectives on neoliberalism in second/foreign language education. L2 Journal, 7(3), 3–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, D. (2010). Globalization and language teaching. In N. Coupland (Ed.), The handbook of language and globalization (pp. 287–304). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, D. (2002). Globalization and the teaching of ‘communication skills’. In D. Block & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 67–82). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Costa, P. I. (2015). Re-envisioning language anxiety in the globalized classroom through a social imaginary lens. Language Learning, 65(3), 504–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Costa, P. I. (2016a). Scaling emotions and identification: Insights from a scholarship student. Linguistics and Education, 34, 22–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Costa, P. I. (2016b). The power of identity and ideology in language learning: Designer immigrants learning English in Singapore. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dörnyei, Z., & Chan, L. (2013). Motivation and vision: An analysis of future L2 self images, sensory styles, and imagery capacity across two target languages. Language Learning, 63, 437–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Gay, P. (1996). Consumption and identity at work. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, P. B., & Sewell, W. H., Jr. (2013). Neoliberalism: Policy regimes, international regimes, and social effects. In P. A. Hall & M. Lamont (Eds.), Social resilience in the neoliberal era (pp. 35–68). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, S. (2015). Multilingualism and good citizenship: The making of language celebrities in Chinese media. Paper presented at the sociolinguistics of globalization conference, 3–6 June 2015. Hong Kong University.

  • Gao, S., & Park, J. S. Y. (2015). Space and language learning under the neoliberal economy. L2 Journal, 7(3), 78–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J., Hull, G., & Lankshear, C. (1996). The new work order. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller, M. (2010). The commodification of language. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39(1), 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. (2013). An introduction to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang, J., & Abelmann, N. (2011). The domestication of South Korean pre-college study abroad in the first decade of the millennium. Journal of Korean Studies, 16(1), 89–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keat, R. (1991). Introduction. In Russell. Keat & Nicholas. Abercrombie (Eds.), Enterprise culture (pp. 1–17). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo, A., Abelmann, N., Kwon, S. A., & Okazaki, S. (Eds.). (2015). South Korea’s education exodus: The life and times of early study abroad. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lo, A., & Kim, J. C. (2012). Linguistic competency and citizenship: Contrasting portraits of multilingualism in the South Korean popular media. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 16(2), 255–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, W. (1998). Bridging mental boundaries in a postcolonial microcosm: Identity and development in Vanuatu. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, B. (2013). Identity and language learning: Extending the conversation (2nd ed.). Tonawanda, NY: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ong, A. (2006). Neoliberalism as exception. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. S., & Bae, S. (2009). Language ideologies in educational migration: Korean jogi yuhak families in Singapore. Linguistics & Education, 20(4), 366–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, J. S., & Wee, L. (2012). Markets of English. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piller, I., & Cho, J. (2013). Neoliberalism as language policy. Language in Society, 42, 23–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer, J. (2001). Recontextualization and communicative styles in job interviews. Discourse Studies, 3, 223–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stroud, C., & Wee, L. (2011). Style, identity and literacy: English in Singapore. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollefson, J. (1991). Planning language, planning inequality. New York: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Doorn, N. (2014). The neoliberal subject of value: Measuring human capital in information economies. Cultural Politics, 10(3), 354–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lionel Wee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

De Costa, P., Park, J. & Wee, L. Language Learning as Linguistic Entrepreneurship: Implications for Language Education. Asia-Pacific Edu Res 25, 695–702 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0302-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0302-5

Keywords

Navigation