Abstract
An interdisciplinary subject, liberal studies, was introduced as a compulsory and core subject into the New Senior Secondary Curriculum in Hong Kong in 2009 with the purpose of expanding students’ knowledge base and increasing their social awareness through investigation into a variety of issues. However, transforming curricular innovations into real classroom settings and maintaining them is a complicated process. This study aimed to investigate, during its first round of implementation, teachers’ pedagogical practices in 21 local schools through in-depth interviews and documentary analysis. The results reveal that the school administrators and teachers were more likely to adapt their teaching approaches and teaching materials than their teaching content and assessment. Both good practices and examination-oriented practices in the process of curriculum implementation were evident in this study. These findings contribute to our understanding of the implementation of an interdisciplinary curriculum in examination-oriented systems and inform the practitioners of school-based practices of curriculum implementation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Backer, T. E. (2002). Finding the balance: Program fidelity and adaptation in substance abuse prevention: A state-of-the-art review. Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Berman, P. (1980). Thinking about programmed and adaptive implementation: Matching strategies to situations. In H. Ingram & D. Mann (Eds.), Why polices succeed or fail (pp. 205–227). Thousand Oak, CA: Sage Publication.
Bowen, G. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
CDC & HKEAA (Curriculum Development Council and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority). (2007). Liberal studies curriculum and assessment guide (secondary 4–6). Hong Kong: Curriculum Development Council.
Chan, C., & Bray, M. (2014). Marketized private tutoring as a supplement to regular schooling: Liberal studies and the shadow sector in Hong Kong secondary education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 46(3), 361–388.
Deng, Z. (2009). The formation of a school subject and the nature of curriculum content: An analysis of liberal studies in Hong Kong. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 41(5), 585–604.
Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), 327–350.
Frank, K. A., Zhao, Y., & Borman, K. (2004). Social capital and the diffusion of innovations within organizations: Application to the implementation of computer technology in schools. Sociology of Education, 77(2), 148–171.
Fung, C. L., & Yip, W. Y. (2010). The policies of reintroducing Liberal studies into Hong Kong secondary schools. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 9(1), 17–40.
Hill, P. W., & Wan, T.W. (2006). Assessment reforms in Hong Kong. Paper presented at the 32nd IAEA conference : Singapore.
Hitchcock, G., & Hughes, D. (1995). Research and the teacher. London: Routledge.
Hu, C. T. (1984). The historical background: Examinations and controls in pre-modern China. Comparative Education, 20, 7–26.
Lai, E., & Lam, C. C. (2011). Learning to teach in a context of education reform: Liberal studies student teachers’ decision-making in lesson planning. Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy, 37(2), 219–236.
Leung, W. L. A. (2009). Curriculum integration for Liberal studies in Hong Kong. Curriculum and Teaching, 24(1), 75–98.
Leung, W. L. A. (2012). Integrated curriculum: Elaboration learning for students. The International Journal of Learning, 18(10), 29–48.
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Luke, A., Weir, K., Woods, A., & Moroney, M. (Eds.). (2008). Development of a set of principles to guide a P-12 syllabus framework. Brisbane: Queensland Studies Authority.
Marsh, C., & Willis, G. (1995). Curriculum: Alternative approaches, ongoing issues. New York, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Rogan, J., & Aldous, C. (2005). Relationships between the constructs of a theory of curriculum implementation. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(3), 313–336.
Song, Y., & Looi, C. (2012). Linking teacher beliefs, practices and student inquiry-based learning in a CSCL environment: A tale of two teachers. International Journal of Computer-supported Collaborative Learning, 7(1), 129–159.
Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246.
Verspoor, A. (1989). Improving the quality of education in developing countries. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yee, Y. T. (2013). Teachers’ perceptions of issue-enquiry approach of liberal studies in Hong Kong. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(4), 391–402.
Yu, T. W. (2009). The moderation of liberal studies school based assessment scores: How to ensure fairness and reliability? International Education Studies, 2(4), 91–98.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendices
Appendix 1: A Sample of a Skill-Based Curriculum Plan in Secondary4 (School 20) (Originally Written in Chinese)
Appendix 2: Guidelines on Answering “do You Agree” and “to What Extent” Questions (School 12) (Originally Written in Chinese
Appendix 3: Rubrics for Marking “to What Extent” Question (School 5)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhan, Y., So, W.M.W. & Cheng, N.Y.I. Implementation Matters: Teachers’ Pedagogical Practices During the Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Curriculum in Hong Kong. Asia-Pacific Edu Res 25, 527–539 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0278-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-016-0278-1