Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Sitting Duration on Peripheral Blood Pressure Responses to Prolonged Sitting, With and Without Interruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Systematic Review
  • Published:
Sports Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

A previous meta-analysis reported that: (i) an acute bout of prolonged uninterrupted sitting induces a significant increase in peripheral blood pressure (BP) and (ii) the increase in BP can be offset by interrupting the sitting bout with light aerobic activities such as walking. However, the temporal association between prolonged uninterrupted sitting and BP was not determined. A better understanding of temporality, for example, how long it takes BP to increase, will assist in prescribing sitting interruption strategies.

Objectives

We aimed to determine: (1) the temporal association between the duration of uninterrupted sitting and BP and (2) whether regular sitting interruptions moderate the association between uninterrupted sitting and BP.

Data Sources

Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to July 2022. Reference lists of eligible studies and relevant reviews were also screened.

Study Selection

Inclusion criteria for objective (1) were: (i) participants aged ≥ 18 years; (ii) a prolonged sitting bout ≥ 1 h; and (iii) peripheral BP measurements (systolic BP, diastolic BP, and/or mean arterial pressure) at more than two timepoints during the sitting bout. Additional criteria for objective (2) were: (i) the sitting interruption strategy was implemented during the sitting bout (i.e., not prior to engaging in sitting) and (ii) the study included a control (uninterrupted sitting) condition or group.

Appraisal and Synthesis Methods

There were 1555 articles identified, of which 33 met inclusion criteria for objective (1). Of those articles, 20 met inclusion criteria for objective (2). To investigate the effect of sitting duration on the BP response, unstandardized b coefficients (mmHg/h) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a three-level mixed-effect meta-regression.

Results

Increased sitting duration was positively associated with systolic BP (b = 0.42 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.18–0.60), diastolic BP (b = 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.06–0.42), and mean arterial pressure (b = 0.66 mmHg/h, 95% CI 0.36–0.90). In trials where sitting was interrupted, there was a significant decrease in systolic BP (b = − 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI − 0.42 to − 0.06) and diastolic BP (b = − 0.24 mmHg/h, 95% CI − 0.42 to − 0.12), and a non-significant change in mean arterial pressure (p = 0.69).

Conclusions

Increased uninterrupted sitting duration results in greater increases in BP; however, regularly interrupting sitting may offset negative effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, et al. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)—terminology consensus project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet. 2016;388:1302–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30370-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162:123–32. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1651.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Matthews CE, Carlson SA, Saint-Maurice PF, et al. Sedentary behavior in U.S. adults: fall 2019. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53:2512–9. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002751.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Clemes SA, Houdmont J, Munir F, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of domain-specific sitting in working adults: the Stormont Study. J Public Health (Oxf). 2016;38:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/PUBMED/FDU114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Clemes SA, Oêconnell SE, Edwardson CL. Office workers’ objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity during and outside working hours. J Occup Environ Med. 2014;56:298–303. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Sallis JF, et al. The descriptive epidemiology of sitting: a 20-country comparison using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med. 2011;41:228–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2011.05.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Healy GN, Wijndaele K, Dunstan DW, et al. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Diabetes Care. 2008;31:369–71. https://doi.org/10.2337/DC07-1795.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jans MP, Proper KI, Hildebrandt VH. Sedentary behavior in Dutch workers: differences between occupations and business sectors. Am J Prev Med. 2007;33:450–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2007.07.033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mabry R, Koohsari MJ, Bull F, et al. A systematic review of physical activity and sedentary behaviour research in the oil-producing countries of the Arabian Peninsula. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-016-3642-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Matthews CE, Chen KY, Freedson PS, et al. Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003–2004. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:875–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJE/KWM390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Thorp AA, Healy GN, Winkler E, et al. Prolonged sedentary time and physical activity in workplace and non-work contexts: a cross-sectional study of office, customer service and call centre employees. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-128/.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Win AM, Yen LW, Tan KH, et al. Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behavior in a representative sample of a multi-ethnic South-East Asian population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-015-1668-7/TABLES/2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Paterson C, Fryer S, Stone K, et al. The effects of acute exposure to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption, on peripheral blood pressure among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2022;52:1369–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-021-01614-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Paterson C, Fryer S, Zieff G, et al. The effects of acute exposure to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption, on vascular function among adults: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020;50:1929–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-020-01325-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Loh R, Stamatakis E, Folkerts D, et al. Effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with physical activity breaks on blood glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2020;50:295–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-019-01183-W.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stoner L, Barone Gibbs B, Meyer ML, et al. A primer on repeated sitting exposure and the cardiovascular system: considerations for study design, analysis, interpretation, and translation. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8: 716938. https://doi.org/10.3389/FCVM.2021.716938.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:1451–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-102955.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.N71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Second Edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604.

  21. Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012;9:671–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Perks J, Zaccardi F, Paterson C, et al. Effect of high-pain versus low-pain structured exercise on walking ability in people with intermittent claudication: meta-analysis. Br J Surg. 2022;109:686–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znac134.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Champion RB, Smith LR, Smith J, et al. Reducing prolonged sedentary time using a treadmill desk acutely improves cardiometabolic risk markers in male and female adults. J Sports Sci. 2018;36:2484–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1464744.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Larsen RN, Kingwell BA, Sethi P, et al. Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight/obese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24:976–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.011.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wheeler MJ, Dunstan DW, Ellis KA, et al. Effect of morning exercise with or without breaks in prolonged sitting on blood pressure in older overweight/obese adults: evidence for sex differences. Hypertension. 2019;73:859–67. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12373.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bailey DP, Locke CD. Breaking up prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking improves postprandial glycemia, but breaking up sitting with standing does not. J Sci Med Sport. 2015;18:294–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.03.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Younger AM, Pettitt RW, Sexton PJ, et al. Acute moderate exercise does not attenuate cardiometabolic function associated with a bout of prolonged sitting. J Sports Sci. 2015;34:658–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1068435.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:I4898. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.L4898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Team RC. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2022. https://www.r-project.org/. Accessed 25 Aug 2023.

  30. Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor. J Stat Softw. 2010;36:1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/JSS.V036.I03.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Harrell FE. Regression modeling strategies. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19425-7.

  32. Viechtbauer W, Cheung MW-L. Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1:112–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.327.7414.557.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Dobashi S, Kawaguchi S, Ando D, et al. Alternating work posture improves postprandial glucose response without reducing computer task performance in the early afternoon. Physiol Behav. 2021;237: 113431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113431.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Morishima T, Tsuchiya Y, Padilla J, et al. Eight weeks of fish oil supplementation does not prevent sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2020;45:55–60. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2019-0138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Morishima T, Iemitsu M, Fujie S, et al. Prior beetroot juice ingestion offsets endothelial dysfunction following prolonged sitting. J Appl Physiol. 2022;133:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00200.2022/ASSET/IMAGES/MEDIUM/JAPPL-00200-2022R01.PNG.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Dempsey PC, Sacre JW, Larsen RN, et al. Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of light walking or simple resistance activities reduces resting blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline in type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens. 2016;34:2376–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Miyashita M, Burns SF, Stensel DJ. Accumulating short bouts of brisk walking reduces postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and resting blood pressure in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:1225–31. https://doi.org/10.3945/AJCN.2008.26493.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gotshall RW, Aten LA, Yumikura S. Difference in the cardiovascular response to prolonged sitting in men and women. Can J Appl Physiol. 1994;19:215–25. https://doi.org/10.1139/h94-016.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Carter SE, Gladwell VF. Effect of breaking up sedentary time with callisthenics on endothelial function. J Sports Sci. 2017;35:1508–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1223331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Freire YA, de Araújo Dantas de Macêdo G, Browne RAV, et al. Effect of breaks in prolonged sitting or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise on markers of metabolic syndrome in adults with excess body fat: a crossover trial. J Phys Act Health. 2019;16:727–35. https://doi.org/10.1123/JPAH.2018-0492.

  42. Barone Gibbs B, Kowalsky RJ, Perdomo SJ, et al. Effect of alternating standing and sitting on blood pressure and pulse wave velocity during a simulated workday in adults with overweight/obesity. J Hypertens. 2017;35:2411–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kruse NT, Hughes WE, Benzo RM, et al. Workplace strategies to prevent sitting-induced endothelial dysfunction. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:801–8. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001484.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kowalsky RJ, Jakicic JM, Hergenroeder A, et al. Acute cardiometabolic effects of interrupting sitting with resistance exercise breaks. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44:1025–32. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0633.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Taylor FC, Dunstan DW, Homer AR, et al. Acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting on vascular function in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2021;320:H393-403. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPHEART.00422.2020/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/AJ-AHRT200086F004.JPEG.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Evans WS, Stoner L, Willey Q, et al. Local exercise does not prevent the aortic stiffening response to acute prolonged sitting: a randomized crossover trial. J Appl Physiol. 2019;127:781–7. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00318.2019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lunde MSH, Hjellset VT, Høstmark AT. Slow post meal walking reduces the blood glucose response: an exploratory study in female Pakistani immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14:816–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10903-012-9574-X.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Park SY, Wooden TSK, Pekas EJ, et al. Effects of passive and active leg movements to interrupt sitting in mild hypercapnia on cardiovascular function in healthy adults. J Appl Physiol. 2022;132:874–87. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00799.2021.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Peddie MC, Kessell C, Bergen T, et al. The effects of prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, and activity breaks on vascular function, and postprandial glucose and insulin responses: a randomised crossover trial. PLoS ONE. 2021;16: e0244841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244841.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Wennberg P, Boraxbekk CJ, Wheeler M, et al. Acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on fatigue and cognition: a pilot study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Carter SE, Draijer R, Holder SM, et al. Effect of different walking break strategies on superficial femoral artery endothelial function. Physiol Rep. 2019;7: e14190. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14190.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Cho MJ, Bunsawat K, Kim HJ, et al. The acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with stair climbing on vascular and metabolic function after a high-fat meal. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020;120:829–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04321-9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Ballard KD, Duguid RM, Berry CW, et al. Effects of prior aerobic exercise on sitting-induced vascular dysfunction in healthy men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117:2509–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3738-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Headid RJ, Pekas EJ, Wooden TK, et al. Impacts of prolonged sitting with mild hypercapnia on vascular and autonomic function in healthy recreationally active adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2020;319:H468–80. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPHEART.00354.2020.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Morishima T, Restaino RM, Walsh LK, et al. Prior exercise and standing as strategies to circumvent sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction. Clin Sci. 2017;131:1045–53. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20170031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. O’Brien MW, Johns JA, Al-Hinnawi A, et al. Popliteal flow-mediated dilatory responses to an acute bout of prolonged sitting between earlier and later phases of natural menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycles. J Appl Physiol. 2020;129:637–45. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00424.2020.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Vranish JR, Young BE, Kaur J, et al. Influence of sex on microvascular and macrovascular responses to prolonged sitting. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017;312:H800–5. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00823.2016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. O’Brien MW, Johns JA, Williams TD, et al. Sex does not influence impairments in popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator or vasoconstrictor responses following prolonged sitting. J Appl Physiol. 2019;127:679–87. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00887.2018.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Garten RS, Hogwood AC, Weggen JB, et al. Aerobic training status does not attenuate prolonged sitting-induced lower limb vascular dysfunction. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019;44:425–33. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0420.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Sugawara J, Tanabe T, Miyachi M, et al. Non-invasive assessment of cardiac output during exercise in healthy young humans: comparison between Modelflow method and Doppler echocardiography method. Acta Physiol Scand. 2003;179:361–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Meah VL, Backx K, Shave RE, et al. Comparison between Modelflow® and echocardiography in the determination of cardiac output during and following pregnancy at rest and during exercise. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2022;17:116–35. https://doi.org/10.14198/JHSE.2022.171.12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Tam E, Azabji Kenfack M, Cautero M, et al. Correction of cardiac output obtained by Modelflow from finger pulse pressure profiles with a respiratory method in humans. Clin Sci. 2004;106:371–6. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20030302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Ball MJ. Acute effects of food on postprandial blood pressure and measures of arterial stiffness in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:298–303. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27771.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Visvanathan R, Chen R, Garcia M, et al. The effects of drinks made from simple sugars on blood pressure in healthy older people. Br J Nutr. 2005;93:575–9. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Morishima T, Tsuchiya Y, Ueda H, et al. Sitting-induced endothelial dysfunction is prevented in endurance-trained individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:1770–5. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Horiuchi M, Stoner L. Effects of compression stockings on lower-limb venous and arterial system responses to prolonged sitting: a randomized cross-over trial. Vasc Med. 2021;26:386–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863X20988899.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Credeur DP, Miller SM, Jones R, et al. Impact of prolonged sitting on peripheral and central vascular health. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123:260–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Stergiopulos N, Meister JJ, Westerhof N. Determinants of stroke volume and systolic and diastolic aortic pressure. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(6 Pt 2):H2050–9. https://doi.org/10.1152/AJPHEART.1996.270.6.H2050.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Shvartz E, Gaume JG, White RT, et al. Hemodynamic responses during prolonged sitting. J Appl Physiol. 1983;54:1673–80. https://doi.org/10.1152/JAPPL.1983.54.6.1673.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Morishima T, Restaino RM, Walsh LK, et al. Prolonged sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction is prevented by fidgeting. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2016;311:H177–82. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00297.2016.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, 1238 Discovery Ave, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V9, Canada

    Nathan T. Adams

  2. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Craig Paterson, Simon Higgins & Lee Stoner

  3. Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Jillian Poles

  4. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Lee Stoner

  5. Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Lee Stoner

Authors
  1. Nathan T. Adams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Craig Paterson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jillian Poles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Simon Higgins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lee Stoner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathan T. Adams.

Ethics declarations

Funding

This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grants R01 HL157187 and R01 HL162805A (both to Lee Stoner).

Conflict of interest

Nathan T. Adams, Craig Paterson, Simon Higgins, Jillian Poles, and Lee Stoner have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review.

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and material

The data analyzed for this meta-analysis and the corresponding R script for analysis are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: NA, CP, and LS. Literature search: NA and JP. Quality assessment: NA and JP. Data extraction: NA and JP. Data analysis: NA and CP. NA and CP wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SH, JP, and LS revised the original manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 192 KB)

Supplementary file2 (PDF 158 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Adams, N.T., Paterson, C., Poles, J. et al. The Effect of Sitting Duration on Peripheral Blood Pressure Responses to Prolonged Sitting, With and Without Interruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 54, 169–183 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01915-z

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01915-z

Search

Navigation