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Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Erenumab in Patients with Migraine: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background and Objective

Several studies on use of erenumab for migraine treatment have been published over recent years. However, its long-term safety and effectiveness have not been consistently established in the literature yet. We aimed to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the long-term safety and effectiveness of erenumab for the treatment of migraine headaches.

Methods

Long-term follow-up was defined as ≥ 1 year. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to 14 June 2022 for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results

Fourteen studies, comprising 3574 patients, were included. The total follow-up period ranged from 48 to 268 weeks (i.e., 1 year to 5.6 years). Pooled estimate rates for all adverse events (AEs) were 63% (95% CI 46–78); for serious AEs, 3% (95% CI 1–7); and for AEs leading to discontinuation of erenumab, 3% (95% CI 2–5). Reduction in monthly migraine days (MMDs) was −6.98 (95% CI −8.90 to −5.05) and in migraine-specific medication days (MSMDs) was − 6.09 (95% CI − 9.43 to − 2.75). More than half (57%; 95% CI 51–63) and around one-third (35%; 95% CI 28–42) of patients presented with reductions of ≥ 50% and ≥ 75% in MMDs, respectively. Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) score was decreased by −9.68 points (95% CI − 12.03 to − 7.34). Nine studies were considered of poor methodological quality and five of fair quality.

Conclusions

Erenumab has a favorable safety profile, with a low incidence of serious AEs, and sustained efficacy over ≥1 year of follow-up in the treatment of migraine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (CMMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-110, Brazil

    Fernanda Ferreira Bomtempo

  2. School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Rebeka Bustamante Rocha

  3. School of Medicine, Faculdade Meridional (IMED), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil

    Giulia Isadora Cenci

  4. School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Gabriela Borges Nager

  5. Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    João Paulo Mota Telles

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  1. Fernanda Ferreira Bomtempo
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FFB: study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript and critical revision. JPMT: analysis and interpretation of results and critical revision. RBR: acquisition of data and critical revision. GIC: draft manuscript preparation. GBN: draft manuscript preparation. All authors have read and agreed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Bomtempo, F.F., Rocha, R.B., Cenci, G.I. et al. Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Erenumab in Patients with Migraine: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-analysis. Clin Drug Investig 43, 45–59 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40261-022-01230-x

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