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A comparative toxicity study of TiO2 nanoparticles in suspension and adherent culture under the dark condition

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Abstract

The present study focused on the different acute toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles(TiO2 NPs) towards the bacteria in suspension culture and adherent culture under the dark conditions. The study investigated the bacteria toxicity with TiO2 NPs at different concentrations(1—2000 mg/L), sizes(10 nm, 35 nm) and specific surface areas in unit volume solution(0—224 m2/L) characterized by the cell viability, extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) release and biofilm formation. The bacteria in adherent culture was found to be more resistant against the toxicity of TiO2 NPs compared to that in suspension culture. An NP dose and surface area dependent(rather than the size) bacterial viability was observed in suspension culture, specifically the surface area positively correlated with the toxicity of TiO2 NPs. The size of TiO2 NPs, however, played a more critical role in toxicity of TiO2 NPs in adherent culture. Therefore, the surface area dependent toxicity of TiO2 NPs is a comprehensive parameter describing the dose and size dependent toxicity of TiO2 NPs. The electron microscopic(SEM, TEM, EDX) observations suggested the EPS release and biofilm formation, during aggregation of TiO2 NPs on the bacteria after 12 h cultivation in adherent culture under the dark condition. A possible toxic mechanism could be that “effective surface areas” that directly contact with the bacterial membrane greatly contributed to the toxicity of TiO2 NPs in both suspension culture and adherent culture. Therefore, as for the possible resistance mechanism, EPS secretion and subsequent biofilm formation may protect the bacteria against the toxicity of TiO2 NPs.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences for the help in the TEM/SEM experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China

    Like Chen, Miao Liu & Zhuan Li

  2. College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China

    Su Leng

Authors
  1. Like Chen
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  2. Miao Liu
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  3. Su Leng
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  4. Zhuan Li
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miao Liu.

Additional information

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21404047).

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Chen, L., Liu, M., Leng, S. et al. A comparative toxicity study of TiO2 nanoparticles in suspension and adherent culture under the dark condition. Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. 34, 44–50 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-018-7193-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-018-7193-3

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