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Synthesis, physical properties, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles: a review

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Abstract

Recent innovations in nanotechnology have opened the applicability of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical diagnosis and treatment. The examples of NPs which have attracted considerable attention in recent years are metals (e.g., Au, Ag, Mg), alloys (e.g., Fe–Co, Fe–Pd, Fe–Pt, Co–Pt), iron oxides (e.g., Fe2O3 and Fe3O4), substituted ferrites (e.g., MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4), manganites (e.g., \({\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}\)), etc. Special attention has been paid to magnetic NPs (MNPs), as they are the potential candidates for several biomedical appliances, such as hyperthermia applications, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast imaging, and drug delivery. To achieve effective MNPs, a thorough investigation on the synthesis, and characteristic properties, including size, magnetic properties, and toxicity, is required. Furthermore, the surfaces of the NPs must be tailored to improve the biocompatibility properties and reduce agglomeration. The present review focuses on different mechanisms to develop biocompatible MNPs. The utility of these MNPs in various biomedical applications, especially in treating and diagnosing human diseases, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia treatment for cancer, and other biomedical diagnoses, is thoroughly discussed in this article. Different synthetic processes and important physical properties of these MNPs and their biocomposites are presented.

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Fig. 1
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(Reprinted from Ref. Milichko et al. (2013), Copyright (2013), with permission from Springer

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(Reprinted from Ref. Ruthradevi et al. 2017, Copyright (2017), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Zhang et al. 2021, Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Mirzaei et al. 2016, Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref.  Hastak et al. 2018, Copyright (2013), with permission from Springer)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Doaga et al. 2013, Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Doaga et al. 2013, Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Behdadfar et al. 2012, Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Luong et al. 2011, Copyright (2011), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Jain et al. 2008, Copyright (2008), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Francolini et al. 2010, Copyright (2010), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Singh and Sahoo et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Sanpo et al. 2013, Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Sanpo et al. 2013, Copyright (2013), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Biswas et al. 2016, Copyright (2016), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Keshri et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Biswas et al. 2016, Copyright (2016), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Keshri et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Taylor & Francis); and TEM of \({\mathrm{La}}_{0.76}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.24}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3+\updelta }\) (Reprinted from Ref. Uskoković et al. 2006, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier)

Fig. 21

(Reprinted from Ref. Biswas et al. 2016, Copyright (2016), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Keshri et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Biswas et al. 2016, Copyright (2016), with permission from Taylor & Francis)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Manh et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Uskoković et al. 2006, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Kale et al. 2006, Copyright (2006), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Soleymani et al. 2017, Copyright (2017) Royal Society of Chemistry)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Manh et al. 2014, Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Santos et al. 2021, Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier)

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(Reprinted from Ref. Ferreira et al. 2021, Copyright (2021), with permission from MDPI)

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Acknowledgements

We do acknowledge the Central Instrumentation Facility of Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India, for XRD and SEM support.

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  1. Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India

    Sunita Keshri

  2. Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India

    Sonali Biswas

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  1. Sunita Keshri
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Correspondence to Sunita Keshri.

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Keshri, S., Biswas, S. Synthesis, physical properties, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles: a review. Prog Biomater 11, 347–372 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-022-00204-8

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