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A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: principles and applications

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Abstract

In the last decade, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was increasingly used in the field of wastewater treatment. Due to its oxidative capability, HC was applied to treat aqueous effluents polluted by organic, toxic and bio-refractory contaminants, whereas its mechanical and chemical effects have allowed to disintegrate cells of microorganisms in biological applications. Due to their geometries, HC can be detected in some reactors, in which a variation of hydraulic parameters in the fluid such as flow pressure and flow velocity is induced. HC process involves the formation, growth, implosion and subsequent collapse of cavities, occurring in a very short period of time and releasing large magnitudes of power. In this paper, the vast literature on HC is critically reviewed, focusing on the basic principles behind it, in terms of process definition and analysis of governing mechanisms of both HC generation and pollutants degradation. The influence of various parameters on HC effectiveness was assessed, considering fluid properties, construction features of HC devices and technological aspects of processes. The synergetic effect of HC combined with chemicals or other techniques was discussed. An overview of the main devices used for HC generation and different existing methods to evaluate the cavitation effectiveness was provided. Knowledge buildup and optimization for such complex systems from mathematical modeling was highlighted.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Autonomous Province of Trento, Italy (Program for the development of Small Medium Enterprise, L6/99, Project n.S155/2013/693264/12.1), and Officine Parisi s.r.l.. The second author was funded by a grant from the Fondazione Caritro, Trento (Young Researcher, Grant 2015). The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support of Officine Parisi s.r.l. (A. Parisi and F. Parisi) and D. C. W. de Puiseau (Econovation, Germany) during the experimental activity.

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  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, viale Giuseppe Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy

    Giuseppe Mancuso

  2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy

    Michela Langone & Gianni Andreottola

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  1. Giuseppe Mancuso
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Correspondence to Giuseppe Mancuso.

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Highlights

● Factors influencing the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) efficiency.

● Classification of HC mechanisms on degradation of pollutants.

● Methods to evaluate HC efficiency for degradation of pollutants.

● Mathematical models to simulate fluid dynamics into HC devices.

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Mancuso, G., Langone, M. & Andreottola, G. A critical review of the current technologies in wastewater treatment plants by using hydrodynamic cavitation process: principles and applications. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 18, 311–333 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00444-5

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