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Genomic medicine on the frontier of precision medicine

  • Review article
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Abstract

Genomic medicine has created a great deal of hope since the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP). Genomic medicine promises disease prevention and early diagnosis in the context of precision medicine. Precision medicine as a scientific discipline has introduced as an evolution in medicine. The rapid growth of high-development technologies permits the assessment of biological systems. Study of the integrated profiles of omics, such as genome, transcriptome, proteome and other omics information lead to significant advances in personalized and precision medicine. In the context of precision medicine, pharmacogenomics can play an important role in order to discriminate responders and non-responders to medications and avoiding toxicity and achieving the optimum dose. So precision medicine in accordance with genomic medicine will transform medicine from conventional evidence-based medicine in the diagnosis and treatment towards precision based-medicine. In this review, we have summarized the related issues for genomic medicine and precision medicine.

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Abbreviations

PGx:

Pharmacogenomics

NHGRI:

National Human Genome Research Institute

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

HGP:

Human Genome Project

WES:

Whole Exome Sequencing

GWAS:

Genome-Wide Association Studies

LD:

Linkage disequilibrium

indels:

Insertions and deletions

CNVs:

Copy number variations

DOE:

Department of Energy

lncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

SNPs:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

TFs:

Transcription factors

EWAS:

Epigenome-wide association studies

PRS:

Polygenic risk scores

PGS:

Polygenic scores

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mandana Hasanzad & Ehsan Ghavimehr

  2. Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.10- Jalal -e-Ale-Ahmad Street, Chamran Highway, 1411713119, Tehran, Iran

    Mandana Hasanzad, Negar Sarhangi & Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi

  3. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Anoosh Naghavi

  4. Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Khatami

  5. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Sima Ehsani Chimeh

  6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Mandana Hasanzad
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  2. Negar Sarhangi
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  8. Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi
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Contributions

MH: Design the study and write the manuscript; NS, FKH, and EGH: Search and find the relevant articles and help to draft; AN and SE: Provide guidance to the research; HRAM: Revise the manuscript; BL: Develop the project. All authors will read and approved the final manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi.

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Hasanzad, M., Sarhangi, N., Naghavi, A. et al. Genomic medicine on the frontier of precision medicine. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 853–861 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00880-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00880-6

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