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Effect of microstructure on impact toughness, texture, and nano-indentation on heat-affected zones (HAZ) in a ferrite-bainite steel

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Abstract

The present study aims to investigate gas metal arc welded ferrite bainite grade to understand the structure–property correlation in different regions of heat-affected zone (HAZ). Microstructural evolution of HAZ revealed bainitic microstructures for coarse-grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and fine-grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ), ferritic microstructure for inter-critical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ), and partially transformed ferrite-bainite in sub-critical heat-affected zone (SCHAZ). Misorientations in these zones were plotted, which revealed a high dip in low-angle grain boundaries for ICHAZ when compared with other zones. Hardness and impact toughness for ICHAZ were also low with respect to other zones, making it the weakest structure in the weldment due to ferritic microstructure. Fracture surface of impact toughness tested samples carried out for ICHAZ revealed brittle failure, whereas ductile fracture mode was reported for CGHAZ sample. Orientation distribution function (ODF) plots were studied for ICHAZ and CGHAZ, where rotated cube texture was prevalent for ICHAZ and random texture was present for CGHAZ. The rotated cube texture originated from dislocations on (001) plane serving as immobile dislocation for BCC crystal leading to a brittle fracture for ICHAZ. Nano-hardness values further acknowledge the difference in values owing to a weak ICHAZ as compared to CGHAZ and base metal.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the management of Tata Steel India Ltd. for providing the research facilities and allowing the publication of this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research & Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, India

    Devang Gandhi, Suman Patra & Pampa Ghosh

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  1. Devang Gandhi
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  2. Suman Patra
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  3. Pampa Ghosh
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Contributions

Devang Gandhi: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, and writing—original draft. Suman Patra: resources, conceptualization, methodology, and writing—review and editing. Pampa Ghosh: technical supervision, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Devang Gandhi.

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Gandhi, D., Patra, S. & Ghosh, P. Effect of microstructure on impact toughness, texture, and nano-indentation on heat-affected zones (HAZ) in a ferrite-bainite steel. Weld World 67, 2589–2597 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01576-6

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