Skip to main content
Log in

A TISM Based Bionic Model of Organizational Excellence

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to identify the enablers for organizational excellence inspired by human body; based on which a generally applicable framework that establishes relationships among these enablers can be developed. In the first part of the paper, human body systems and sub-systems are analyzed from organizational perspective operating in dynamically changing environment. The examination of human body organization subsystems has revealed nine attributes that enable human body to become an optimally managed organization. The nine attributes are: quick responsiveness to external stimuli, coordination, communication, control, optimal supply chain management, adaptability, reliability, innovativeness, and self regulation. In the second part of the paper, these nine enablers are modeled using TISM. The model developed clearly demonstrates the driving and dependence of the enabler in human body organization. It is expected that the proposed model can inspire and provide insight to businesses in improving their design and function which will help in achieving organizational excellence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal, A., Shankar, R., & Tiwari, M. (2007). Modeling agility of supply chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(4), 443–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, A., & Vrat, P. (2013). An analogy between organizational and individual cultural profiles: revisiting Denison’s model of culture. Values-Based Management, 3(2), 13–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, A., & Vrat, P. (2014). Bio-inspired managerial insights for a flexible and efficient organization: a sap-lap analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 15(4), 345–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, A., & Vrat, P. (2015). Line and staff functions in organizations revisited: a bionic system analogy using ISM. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 19(2), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpay, G., Bodur, M., Bodur, Y. C., & Buyukbalci, P. (2012). How does innovativeness yield superior firm performance? The role of marketing effectiveness. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 14(1), 107–128.

  • Bod-Ecology. (2015). Nautilus body clinic. Retrieved February 11, 2015, from http://wefit.ca/2013/05/09/bod-acology/.

  • Bonder, S. (1976). Versatility: an objective for military planning. Keynote address presented at the 37th Operations Research Symposium, Fort Bliss, Texas.

  • Bourgeois, L. J. (1980). Strategy and environment: a conceptual integration. Academy of Management Review, 5(1), 25–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, D. C., Petry, J. A., & Fratianne, S. A. (1999). Institutionalizing reliability and maintainability—A success story. The International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 16(1), 13–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, C., & Kumar, S. (2000). Supply chain management in theory and practice: a passing fade or a fundamental change? Industrial Management & Data Systems, 100(3), 100–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, B. (2005). Seven essential principles of effective communication. Call Center Magazine, 18(8), 30–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. G., Ledford, G. E., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). A predictive model for self managing work team effectiveness. Human Relations, 49(5), 643–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dakaj, A. (2013). The company body: Organization design model. New York: Createspace Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, F. R. (1993). Strategic management (4th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, R., & Ali, S. S. (2014). Identification of flexible manufacturing system dimensions and their interrelationship using total interpretive structural modeling and fuzzy MICMAC analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 15(2), 131–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, H., & Denise, R. (2006). The determinants of corporate innovativeness: A cross-national knowledge perspective. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertations Publishing.

  • Evans, S. (1991). Strategic flexibility for high technology manoeuvres: A conceptual framework. The Journal of Management Studies, 28(1), 69–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gil, F., Carlos, M. A., & José, M. P. (2005). Work team effectiveness in organizational contexts: Recent research and applications in spain and portugal. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(3), 193–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, P. S., Devadas, R., & Hunghson, T. L. (1998). Groups and productivity: analyzing the effectiveness of self managing teams. In J. P. Campbell & R. J. Campbell (Eds.), Productivity in organization (pp. 295–325). San Fransico: Jossy Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal, S., & Grover, S. (2012). A comprehensive bibliography on effectiveness measurement of manufacturing systems. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 3(4), 587–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant, R. M. (1991). Contemporary strategy analysis: concepts, techniques, applications. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haleem, A., Sushil, Quadri, M. A., & Kumar, S. (2012). Analysis of critical success factors of world class manufacturing practices: An application of interpretive structural modeling and interpretive ranking process. Production Planning and Control: The Management of Operations, 23(10–11), 722–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamel, G. (1998). Strategy innovation and the quest for value. Sloan Management Review, 39(2), 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harary, F., Norman, R., & Cartwright, D. (1965). Structural models: An introduction to the theory of directed graphs. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorne, R., & Sage, A. (1975). On applications of interpretive structural modeling to higher education modeling to higher education program planning. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 9(1), 31–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooley, G. J., Lynch, J. E., & Jobber, D. (1992). Generic marketing strategies. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(1), 75–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houy, C., Fettke, P., & Loos, P. (2010). Emperical research in business process management-analysis of an emerging field of research. Business Process Management Journal, 16(4), 619–661.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jayalakshmi, B., & Pramod, V. R. (2015). Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) of the enablers of a flexible control system for industry. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 16(1), 63–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karatepe, O. M., & Ekiz, E. H. (2004). The effects of organizational responses to complaints on satisfaction and loyalty: A study of hotel guests in northern cyprus. Managing Service Quality, 14(6), 476–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kedia, P.K, & Sushil. (2013). Total interpretive structural modelling of strategic technology management in automobile industry. In Proceedings of PICMET’13: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, San Jose, California, USA

  • Khatwani, G., Singh, S. P., Trivedi, A., & Chauhan, A. (2015). Fuzzy-TISM: A fuzzy extension of TISM for group decision making. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 16(1), 97–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, D. (2007). Structured decision making with interpretive structural modeling (ISM): Implementing the core of interactive management, An analysis and decision. New York: Sorach Incorporated, McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madu, C. N. (2004). Strategic value of reliability and maintainability management. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 22(3), 317–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malone, D. (1975). An introduction to the application of interpretive structural modeling. Proceedings of IEEE, 63(3), 397–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandal, A., & Deshmukh, S. G. (1994). Vendor selection using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 14(6), 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mangla, S. K., Kumar, P., & Barua, M. K. (2014). Flexible decision approach for analyzing performance of sustainable supply chains under risk/uncertainty. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 15(2), 113–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manzoor, Q. (2012). Impact of employees’ motivation on organizational effectiveness. Business Management and Strategy, 3(1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, I. (2008). Creating flex-lean-agile value chains by outsourcing: An ISM-based interventional roadmap. Business Process Management Journal, 14(3), 338–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muthusamy, S. K., Wheeler, J. V., & Simmons, B. L. (2005). Self-managing work teams: Enhancing organizational effectiveness. Organization Development Journal, 23(3), 53–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasim, S. (2011). Total interpretive structural modeling of continuity and change forces in e-government. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 1(2), 147–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, T. C. (1992). Organizational alignment as competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 13(2), 119–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, U. C., & Suri, R. K. (2011). Modeling of continuity and change forces in private higher technical education using total interpretive structural modeling (TISM). Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 12(3–4), 31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sagar, M., Bora, S., Gangwal, A., Gupta, P., Kumar, A., & Agarwal, A. (2013). Factors affecting customer loyalty in cloud computing: A customer defection-centric view to develop a void-in-customer loyalty amplification model. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 14(3), 143–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, J., Sushil, & Vrat, P. (2006). Policy and strategy formulation: An application of flexible systems methodology. New Delhi: GIFT Pub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, H. D., Gupta, A. D., & Sushil, (1995). The objectives of waste management in India: A futures inquiry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 48(3), 285–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K., & Sushil, (2012). Modeling enablers of TQM to improve airline performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(3), 250–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, C. C., & Hrebiniak, L. G. (1980). Strategy, distinctive competence and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(2), 317–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, A. K., & Sushil (2013). Modeling strategic performance factors for effective strategy execution. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(6), 554–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava, A. K., & Sushil, (2014). Modeling drivers of adapt for effective strategy execution. The Learning Organization, 21(6), 369–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sushil, (1994). Flexible system methodology. Systems Practice, 7(6), 369–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sushil, (2012). Interpreting the interpretive structural model. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 13(2), 87–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thatte, A. A. (2007). Competitive advantage of a firm through supply chain responsiveness and SCM practices, The University of Toledo. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304796527?accountid=151630. (304796527).

  • Tjosvold, D., Hui, C., Ding, D. Z., & Hu, J. (2003). Conflict values and team relationships: Conflict’s contribution to team effectiveness and citizenship in China. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(1), 69–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urban, G. L., & Star, S. H. (1991). Advanced marketing strategy. Englewood-Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vila, N., & Kuster, I. (2007). The importance of innovation in international textile firms. European Journal of Marketing, 41(1/2), 17–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrat, P., & Agarwal, A. (2013). Designing a performance management system inspired by human body organization. International Journal of Bioassays, 2(6), 889–896.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrat, P., & Agarwal, A. (2014). Human body food supply chain and inventory models analogy: An empirical validation. Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies, 5(1), 63–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, O. C., Boyd, H. W., & Larreche, J. C. (1992). Marketing strategy: Planning and implementation. Homewood, IL: Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waller, R. (1980). Contextual relations and mathematical relations in interpretive structural modeling. IEEE Transactions: System, Man and Cybernetics, 10(3), 143–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N. (1973). On arranging elements of a hierarchy in graphic form. IEEE Transactions: System, Man and Cybernetics, 3(2), 121–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N. (1974). Towards interpretation of complex structural models. IEEE Transactions: System, Man and Cybernetics, 3(2), 121–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N. (1976). Societal systems: Planning, policy, and complexity. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N. (1994). A science of generic design: Managing complexity through systems design. Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N. (1999). Twenty laws of complexity: Science applicability in organizations. Systems research and Behavioral Science, 16(1), 3–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warfield, J. N., & Hill, J. (1973). An assault on complexity. Columbus: Battelle Memorial Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei, Z., & Xiang, W. (2013). The importance of supply chain management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(16), 279–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witzel, M. (2002). A short history of efficiency. Business Strategy Review, 13(4), 38–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism and suggestions which has enabled substantive improvement in the paper over its original version. In particular, we thank Prof. Sushil, Editor-in-Chief, JFSM, for his valuable suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alpana Agarwal.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 6.

Table 6 Partitioning of the reachability matrix

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Agarwal, A., Vrat, P. A TISM Based Bionic Model of Organizational Excellence. Glob J Flex Syst Manag 16, 361–376 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-015-0107-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-015-0107-z

Keywords

Navigation