Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction of Structures Resting on Soil Under Earthquake Motion

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Indian Geotechnical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Dynamic soil structure interaction (DSSI) as a topic of research has been under focus for last 40 years or more. However, despite its significant development, it has hardly impacted the practice in industry as DSSI shows attenuation of response in soft soil based on the commercially available software that are usually used for computation of structural response. Present paper re-looks at some of the established theories and examines some of the popular myth that has been allied to the topic. It also proposes three analytical models that can well be adapted in practice to arrive at a more realistic result without enhancing the computational cost. Analysis based on the proposed models show that present perception regarding DSSI requires serious re-evaluation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A:

Integration constant

B:

Integration constant

c1, c2,…, cn :

Element damping

Cs :

Seismic coefficient

C1–C4 :

Integration constants

\( [{\mathbf{C}}] \) :

Damping matrix

E:

Young’s modulus of structural element

g:

Acceleration due to gravity

G:

Shear modulus of soil

i:

Mode number

I:

Importance factor/moment of inertia

{I}:

Identity matrix

J0, Jf :

Mass moment of inertia

k:

Stiffness of fixed base structure kN/m

Kx, \( \bar{k}_{x} \) :

Translational stiffness of foundation kN/m

Kθ, \( \bar{k}_{\theta } \) :

Rotational stiffness of foundation kN m/rad

Ke :

Effective stiffness of soil structure system kN m/rad

\( \left[ {\mathbf{K}} \right] \) :

Stiffness matrix of structure

\( \hat{K} \) :

Frequency dependent dynamic stiffness of soil

L:

Length

\( \left( {\frac{{L_{i} }}{{M_{i} }}} \right) \) :

Modal mass participation factor

mi :

Lumped nodal mass

\( [{\mathbf{M}}] \) :

Mass matrix

Mf :

Moment in foundation

P:

Externally applied force

P i :

Nodal force in ith mode

rx, rθ :

Frequency or time ratio in translation and rotation

R:

Response reduction factor

t:

Time

\( \hat{T} \) :

Effective time period of soil structure system

T:

Time period fixed based structure/kinetic energy

ue :

Effective amplitude of soil structure system

uf :

Effective amplitude of foundation

uθ :

Effective displacement of foundation in rotation

U:

Potential energy

{U i }:

Global displacement

v:

Velocity

V:

Fixed base shear

VDSSI :

Base shear considering DSSI effect

Vi:

Base shear in ith mode

\( \bar{V} \) :

Reduced base shear

W:

Weight of structure

x,y,z:

Cartesian co-ordinate

Z:

Zone factor

Β :

Damping ratio of structure

β 0 :

Damping ratio of foundation

\( \bar{\beta } \) :

Damping ratio of soil–structure system

δ :

Displacement

ϕ :

Scaling or eigen vector

κ :

Modal participation factor

θ :

Angular rotation of foundation

ω :

Natural frequency

ζ :

Damping ratio

References

  1. ASCE 7-10 (2010) Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures ASCE Reston Virginia USA

  2. ATC (2010) Modelling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of tall buildings ATC-72 report. Applied Technology Council, Redwood City

    Google Scholar 

  3. Beer G, Meek JL (1981) The coupling of boundary and finite element methods for infinite domain problems in elasto-plasticity. In: 3rd international conference in BEM Irvine, CA

  4. Estroff O, Prabucki U (1990) Dynamic response in time domain by coupled boundary and finite elements. J Comput Mech 6:35–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Feng YT, Owen DRJ (1996) Iterative solution of coupled FE/BE discretizations of plate foundation interaction problems. Int J Numer Methods Eng 39:1889–1901

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Karbalis DL, Beskos DE (1985) Dynamic response of 3-D flexible foundations in time domain BEM and FEM. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 4:91–101

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kobyashi S, Mori K (1986) Three dimensional dynamic analysis of soil structure interactions with boundary integral equations—finite element combine method. In: Shaw RP (ed) Innovative numerical methods in engineering. Springer, Berlin, pp 613–618

    Google Scholar 

  8. Spyrakos CC, Beskos DE (1986) Dynamic response of flexible strip foundations by boundary and finite elements. J Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 5:84–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wolf JP, Darbre GR (1984) Dynamic stiffness matrix of soil by the boundary element method, conceptual aspects. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 12:401–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Eurocode 8 (2004) Design of structures for earthquake resistance part I–VI

  11. FEMA (2004) NEHRP Recommendation provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures Part a & b, Washington USA

  12. Anandrajah A, Rashidi H, Arulanandan K (1995) Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of a soil structure system under earthquake excitations. Comput Geotechn 17:301–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Graham JC (1982) Non-linear soil modelling report # 294. School of Engineering, University of Auckland

  14. Henry DP, Banerjee PK (1988) A variable stiffness type boundary element formulation for axis-symmetric elasto-plastic media. Int J Numer Methods Eng 26:1005–1027

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Herrmann LR, Kaliakin V, Shen CK, Mish KD, Zhu ZY (1987) Numerical implementation of plasticity model for cohesive soil. J Eng Mech 113:500–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chan BJ, Thomas JM, Raychowdhury P, Gajan S, Kutter BL, Hutchinson TC (2007) Soil foundation structure interaction, shallow foundations. SSRP 07/24 University of California San Diego USA

  17. Gajan S (2006) Physical and numerical modelling of nonlinear cyclic load-deformation behaviour of shallow foundations supporting rocking shear wall. Ph.D Dissertation, University of California Davis. California USA

  18. Gajan S, Raychowdhury P, Hutchinson TC, Kutter BL, Stewart JP (2010) Application and validation for practical tools for nonlinear soil–foundation interaction analysis. Earthq Spectra 26(1):111–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mylonakis G, Gazetas G (2000) Seismic soil structure interaction. Beneficial or detrimental. J Earthq Eng 4:307–401

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mylonakis G, Nikalaou S, Gazetas G (2006) Footings under seismic loading. Analysis and design issues with emphasis on bridge foundations. J Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 26:824–853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Gazetas G (2006) Seismic design of foundations and soil–structure interaction. In Proceedings first European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology, Geneva, Switzerland

  22. Chowdhury I, Singh JP (2010) Do DSSI attenuate dynamic response of Buildings? In Proceedings 14th international symposium on earthquake engineering, Roorkee, India

  23. Chowdhury I, Dasgupta SP (2011) Dynamic response of cantilever retaining walls under earthquake force with coupled soil structure interaction. In: Proceedings 13th international conference in computer methods and advances in geomechanics, Melbourne, Australia

  24. Chowdhury I, Singh JP, Tilak R (2012) Seismic response of self supported stacks considering foundation compliance. In: 15th world conference in earthquake engineering, Lisbon, Portugal

  25. Chowdhury I, Singh JP, Dasgupta SP (2013) Dynamic response of a partially embedded cylindrical structure under seismic force considering foundation compliance. In: 22nd international conference in structural mechanics in reactor technology (SMiRT), San-Francisco USA

  26. IS-1893 (2002) Part 1 and 4. Bureau of Indian Standard Code of practice for earthquake resistant design of buildings, industrial and stack like structures. New Delhi, India

  27. Chowdhury I (2010) Dynamic analysis of tall reinforced concrete multi flue chimney under earthquake force. Indian Concrete J 84:23–36

    Google Scholar 

  28. IRC-06(2010) Standard specifications and code of practice for road bridges section II loads and stresses. Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi, India

  29. UBC (1997) Uniform Building Code of USA Loading and design of Building under different Loads. Washington, USA

  30. ACI 307-08 (2010) Code requirements of reinforced concrete chimneys. American Concrete Institute

  31. Veletsos AS, Meek JW (1974) Dynamic behaviour of building foundation systems. J Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 3:121–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Dowrick DJ (2003) Earthquake risk reduction. Wiley, Sussex

    Book  Google Scholar 

  33. Ghali A, Neville AM (1984) Structural analysis from classical to matrix analysis, a unified approach. E.N. Spon, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  34. Chowdhury I, Dasgupta SP (2008) Dynamics of Structures and Foundations a unified approach part 1 and 2. Taylor and Francis, Leiden

    Book  Google Scholar 

  35. Kramer S (2007) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Pearson Education, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wolf JP (1985) Dynamic soil structure interaction. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dunkerley S (1894) On the whirling and vibration of shafts. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 185:279–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Clough R, Penzien J (1984) Dynamics of structures. McGraw Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  39. Chowdhury I, Dasgupta SP (2014) Analysis of sheet piles under static loads. Electron J Geotech Eng 19(Bundle O):4061–4093

    Google Scholar 

  40. Chowdhury I (1984) Dynamic soil structure interaction of steam turbine foundations. M.Tech. Dissertation. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

  41. Meirovitch L (1984) Analytical methods in vibration analysis. Macmillan Company, London

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hurty W, Rubenstein MF (1967) Dynamics of structures. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  43. Datta TK (2010) Seismic analysis of structures. Wiley, New Delhi

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, India

    Indrajit Chowdhury & Ambarish Ghosh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India

    Shambhu P. Dasgupta

Authors
  1. Indrajit Chowdhury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ambarish Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shambhu P. Dasgupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shambhu P. Dasgupta.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chowdhury, I., Ghosh, A. & Dasgupta, S.P. Dynamic Soil Structure Interaction of Structures Resting on Soil Under Earthquake Motion. Indian Geotech J 46, 85–103 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-015-0153-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-015-0153-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation