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Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Croton joufra leaf extract, characterization and antidiabetic activity

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Abstract

In this current investigation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized from Croton joufra leaves extract containing zinc nitrate as a precursor. Reducing zinc nitrate to free zinc nanoparticles under the impact of phytoconstituents of Croton joufra aqueous leaves extracts has successfully synthesized Croton joufra zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cj-ZnO NPs). The ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy revealed the maximum surface plasmon resonance at 346 nm. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy showed a broad peak at 3269.53 cm−1, 1605.67 cm−1, 1070.14 cm−1, and 1042.35 cm−1 disclosing that the nanoparticle contained O–H carboxylic acid stretching, C = N bond, and C–O stretching vibrations. The highly stable Cj-ZnO NPs are repelled by one another, as exhibited by the negative charge of the zeta potential value (− 22.9 mV). The morphological characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticle were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The synthesized Cj-ZnO NPs showed in vitro antidiabetic activity with an IC50 value of 774.86 µg/ml, while metformin was used as a standard drug with an IC50 value of 538.24 µg/ml. This study demonstrates the possibility of using Cj-ZnONPs to treat diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, India for providing us with the laboratory facilities in association with the chemicals along with the FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and FESEM–EDAX analysis for successfully completing the research work. We would also like to acknowledge Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India for carrying out XRD, TEM, and DLS analysis.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Natural Cum Advance Synthetic Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, 799022, Tripura, India

    Abu Md Ashif Ikbal, Amlanjyoti Rajkhowa, Waikhom Somraj Singh & Kuntal Manna

  2. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh, India

    Amlanjyoti Rajkhowa

  3. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The ICFAI University Tripura, Agartala, 799210, Tripura, India

    Waikhom Somraj Singh

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  1. Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kuntal Manna.

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Ikbal, A.M.A., Rajkhowa, A., Singh, W.S. et al. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Croton joufra leaf extract, characterization and antidiabetic activity. Int Nano Lett 13, 251–260 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-023-00401-8

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