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Influence of process parameters on the yield of Mn3O4 through sonochemical route

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Abstract

In the present study, manganese oxide (Mn3O4) was synthesized sonochemically by considering manganese sulphate monohydrate as precursor. Initially, 0.1 M of manganese sulphate monohydrate dissolved in 60 ml of doubly distilled water; subsequently, 400 μl of ammonia solution (30% GR) is added to prepare the solution. The experimental variables selected in this study are sonication, sonication with oxygen bubbling, sonication with argon bubbling, adding H2O2 and butanol externally with mechanical stirring. The obtained samples characterized with XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM to determine the phase purity, morphology and size of the particles. Yield of the end product is determined by weighing the sample obtained after drying. Yield of the product increased with external addition of H2O2 and oxygen bubbling. Morphology studies show that the product obtained is spherical and cubical in shape. The TEM image shows that particle size lies in the range of 20–50 nm in sonication applied experiments. Particle size reduced with applying sonication when compared to mechanical stirring. XRD studies show that the product obtained is Mn3O4.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge IIT Guwahati and VFSTR Deemed to be University for providing facilities to carry the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research Vadlamudi (Deemed to be University), Guntur, 522213, India

    Venkata Swamy Nalajala, Anoar Ali Khan & Subbaiah Tondepu

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

    Venkata Swamy Nalajala

  3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, 522502, India

    Venkata Ramana Avula

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  1. Venkata Swamy Nalajala
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  2. Anoar Ali Khan
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Correspondence to Venkata Swamy Nalajala.

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Dr. Venkata Swamy Nalajala is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Vignan’s foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi (Deemed to be University).

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Nalajala, V.S., Khan, A.A., Tondepu, S. et al. Influence of process parameters on the yield of Mn3O4 through sonochemical route. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D 100, 211–215 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-019-00193-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-019-00193-2

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