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Thermal Management of Nanofluid Filled Porous Cavity Utilized for Solar Heating System

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Abstract

Buoyancy-driven free convection in a typical solar air heating system is investigated numerically using an indigenous code. Solar air heating (SAH) is reliable and economic for harnessing solar energy for heating/ ventilation of buildings. Design, as well as application of such system/devices, needs in-depth knowledge of its transport process. To address these issues, the present study explores the fundamentals of fluid flow and heat transfer process by modeling ‘H’ shape cavity packed with saturated porous media, heated from bottom protruded body and cooled at the sides of the top protruded body, respectively. Rests of the walls are insulated. Two different working mediums (air and copper–water nanofluid) are utilized for assessing the overall thermal behavior. Evolved flow physics is analyzed and visualized for a wide range of pertinent parameters like Rayleigh number (Ra = 103–106), Darcy number (Da = 10–7–10–3), porosity (ε = 0.1–1), the concentration of nanoparticles (\(\phi\) = 0–4%), and heater aspect ratio (A = 0–2.5) for the clear domain as well as porous domain. All the results have been visualized by streamlines, isotherms, and heat lines. The heat transfer rate is influenced significantly by the different parameters. It is observed that usage of nanofluid ensures heightened heat transfer compared to air even in the presence of the porous medium. At higher Ra, an increasing trend of heat transfer is noted for aspect ratio from 0 to 1.0 for nanofluid (0–0.5 in case of air), beyond this heat transfer decreases, and then heat transfer increases.

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Abbreviations

A :

Aspect ratio of the protruded body

Da:

Darcy number

h :

Height of the protruded body, m

K :

Permeability of the porous medium, m2

L :

Length of the cavity/length scale, m

Nu:

Average Nusselt number

p :

Pressure, Pa

Pr:

Prandtl number

Ra:

Rayleigh number

\(T\) :

Temperature, K

u,v :

Velocity components, m/s

U,V :

Non-dimensional velocity components

w :

Width of the protruded body

x,y :

Cartesian coordinates, m

X,Y :

Dimensionless coordinates

\(\alpha\) :

Thermal diffusivity, m2/s

\(\beta\) :

Thermal expansion coefficient of fluid, K−1

\(\theta\) :

Dimensionless temperature

\(\phi\) :

Nanoparticles concentrations

\(\varepsilon\) :

Porosity

\(\upsilon\) :

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

\(\rho\) :

Density, kg/m3

\(\sigma\) :

Electrical conductivity (μ·Scm−1)

\(\psi\) :

Dimensionless stream function

\(\Pi\) :

Dimensionless heat function

a :

Ambient

h :

Heating

f :

Pure fluid or base fluid (for nanofluid)

s :

Solids

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Acknowledgements

This article is the extended version of their presented papers during 'International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development' held at Kolkata, India on February 14-15, 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India

    Aparesh Datta

  2. Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India

    Nirmalendu Biswas

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Nirmal K. Manna

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Management, Kolaghat, 721171, India

    Dipak Kumar Mandal

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  1. Aparesh Datta
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  2. Nirmalendu Biswas
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Correspondence to Nirmalendu Biswas.

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Datta, A., Biswas, N., Manna, N.K. et al. Thermal Management of Nanofluid Filled Porous Cavity Utilized for Solar Heating System. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. C 103, 207–221 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-021-00775-8

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