Abstract
A novel electromechanical design to assist pumping of weak heart is proposed. The prototype is designed as a feasible alternative to the existing ventricular assistive device (VAD). The conventional device used primarily in the medical practice, suffers from infection, blood clotting, and internal bleeding problems, that are not easily diagnosable. In this paper, a minimally invasive VAD prototype is designed to assist in the pumping of the heart by inflating and deflating a balloon wrapped around the heart. The inflation and deflation cycle of the balloon is setup in synchronous to the ECG signal via a real time feedback subsystem. The real time feedback unit is designed in a view to promote blood flow in phase with that of the varying ECG signal, based on the heart activity of the user. The designed prototype was verified on a 3D modeled heart integrated with a pressure sensor and signal analysis was performed to further verify the working of the design. The proposed design is suggested to work better than the existing device and avoid other undesirable effects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sen A et al (2016) Mechanical circulatory assist devices: a primer for critical care and emergency physicians. Crit Care 20(1):153
Birks E (2011) A changing trend toward destination therapy. Tex Heart Inst 38(5):552–554
Patel S, Nicholson L, Cassidy CJ, Wong KY-K (2016) Left ventricular assist device: a bridge to transplant or destination therapy? Postgrad Med J 92(1087):271–281
Harris P, Kuppurao L (2012) Ventricular assist devices. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 12(3):145–151
Schaffer JM et al (2011) Bleeding complications and blood product utilization with left ventricular assist device implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 91(3):740–749
Samuels LE et al (2008) Argatroban as a primary or secondary postoperative anticoagulant in patients implanted with ventricular assist devices. Ann Thorac Surg 85(5):1651–1655
Gordon RJ, Quagliarello B, Lowy FD (2006) Ventricular assist device-related infections. Lancet Infect Dis 6(7):426–437
Argiriou M et al (2014) Right heart failure post left ventricular assist device implantation. J Thorac Dis 6(1):S52–S59
Kormos RL et al (2010) Right ventricular failure in patients with the HeartMate II continuous-flow left ventricular assist device: incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 139(5):1316–1324
Rizzieri AG, Verheijde JL, Rady MY, McGregor JL (2008) Ethical challenges with the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy. Philos Ethics Humanit Med 3(1):1–15
Kavarana MN et al (2002) Right ventricular dysfunction and organ failure in left ventricular assist device recipients: a continuing problem. Ann Thorac Surg 73(3):745–750
Starling RC et al (2014) Unexpected abrupt increase in left ventricular assist device thrombosis. N Engl J Med 370(1):33–40
Ochiai Y et al (2002) Predictors of severe right ventricular failure after implantable left ventricular assist device insertion: analysis of 245 patients. Circulation 106(12 Suppl 1):I198–I202
Topkara VK et al (2010) Infectious complications in patients with left ventricular assist device: etiology and outcomes in the continuous-flow era. Ann Thorac Surg 90(4):1270–1277
Oh D-J, Hong H-O, Lee B-A (2016) The effects of strenuous exercises on resting heart rate, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake. J Exerc Rehabil 12(1):42–46
Wang J, Chen C (2009) Study of the effect of short-time cold stress on heart rate variability. In: ICBME 2008 proceedings, vol 23, issue 1, pp 490–492
Joachim Taelman SVH, Vandeput S, Spaepen A (2008) Influence of mental stress on heart rate and heart rate variability. In: 4th European conference of the international federation for medical and biological engineering, pp 1366–1369
Piccione G, Giannetto C, Assenza A, Casella S, Caola G (2009) Influence of time of day on body temperature, heart rate, arterial pressure, and other biological variables in horses during incremental exercise. Chronobiol Int 26(1):47–60
Ryan JM, Howes LG (2002) Relations between alcohol consumption, heart rate, and heart rate variability in men. Heart 88(6):641–642
El Shakankiry HM (2011) Sleep physiology and sleep disorders in childhood. Nat Sci Sleep 3:101–114
Kufoy E et al (2012) Changes in the heart rate variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its response to acute CPAP treatment. PLoS ONE 7(3):e33769
Fukuta H, Little WC (2008) The cardiac cycle and the physiological basis of left ventricular contraction, ejection, relaxation, and filling. Heart Fail Clin 4(1):1–11
Singh K (2013) Systolic and diastolic ratio and rate pressure product in anemia. Indian J Clin Pract 24(6):521–523
Deshpande N (2012) Assessment of systolic and diastolic cycle duration from speech analysis in the state of anger and fear. Comput Sci Inf Tech 2:137–141
UCL study: overtime ‘bad for your heart’. [Online]. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1005/10051205
Cardiac cycle. [Online]. http://philschatz.com/anatomy-book/contents/m46661.html
Biswas U, Maniruzzaman M (2014) Removing power line interference from ECG signal using adaptive filter and notch filter. In: 2014 international conference on electrical engineering and information & communication technology, pp 1–4
Levkov C, Mihov G, Ivanov R, Daskalov I, Christov I, Dotsinsky I (2005) Removal of power-line interference from the ECG: a review of the subtraction procedure. Biomed Eng Online 4:50
de Pinto V (1992) Filters for the reduction of baseline wander and muscle artifact in the ECG. J Electrocardiol 25(Suppl):40–48
Dai M, Lian SL (2009) Removal of baseline wander from dynamic electrocardiogram signals. In: 2009 2nd international congress on image and signal processing, pp 1–4
Pandey VK (2010) Adaptive filtering for baseline wander removal in ECG. In: Proceedings of the 10th IEEE international conference on information technology and applications in biomedicine, pp 1–4
Salibindla S, Ripoche B, Lai DTH, Maas S (2013) Characterization of a new flexible pressure sensor for body sensor networks. In: 2013 IEEE eighth international conference on intelligent sensors, sensor networks and information processing, pp 27–31
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, P., Chandrasekhar, V., Nagaraj, K. et al. Design of a minimally invasive ECG regulated ventricular assistive device. CSIT 7, 167–174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40012-019-00224-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40012-019-00224-z