Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of Tillage and Residue Management Practices on Soil and Root Parameters in Soybean (Glycine max)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping System

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A field study was conducted during 2009–2011 to investigate the effect of tillage, crop establishment and residue management practices on soil and root parameters in soybean-wheat cropping system. The experiment was conducted with 4 main plot treatments of tillage and crop establishment techniques as conventional tillage-flat (CT-F), zero tillage-flat (ZT-F), conventional tillage-bed (CT-B) and zero tillage-bed (ZT-B); and 4 sub plot treatments of residue application as control, wheat residue (3 t ha−1), soybean residue (3 t ha−1) and soybean + wheat residue (3 t ha−1 each). The infiltration rate was significantly higher with ZT-F (1.22 cm h−1) and wheat + soybean residue application (1.16 cm h−1). ZT-F and ZT-B recorded higher mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter at 0–10 cm than that of CT-F and CT-B. The percentage of micro-aggregate was higher with CT-F and CT-B at all depths while the macro-aggregate was high with ZT-F and ZT-B up to 30 cm soil depth. The microbial biomass carbon in ZT-F and ZT-B was 216.3 and 214.6 µg g−1 of soil, respectively which was significantly higher than that of CT-F and CT-B. The wheat + soybean residue application recorded 19.6 % higher MBC than the control. Among the tillage treatments, ZT-F performed well with regard to root length density as 2.38 and 1.11 cm cm−3, root surface area as 0.67 and 0.36 cm2 cm−3, root volume density as 19.22 and 8.26 × 10−3 cm3 cm−3 and average root diameter as 1.06 and 0.81 mm by soybean and wheat, respectively. Similarly, wheat + soybean residue also performed better than the no residue treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hobbs P, Sayre K, Gupta R (2008) The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable agriculture. Phil Trans R Soc B 363:543–555

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fowler R, Rockstrom J (2001) Conservation tillage for sustainable agriculture—an agrarian revolution gathers momentum in Africa. Soil Tillage Res 61:93–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Husnjak S, Filipovic D, Kosutic S (2002) Influence of different tillage systems on soil physical properties and crop yield. RostlinnaVyroba 48(6):249–254

    Google Scholar 

  4. Box JE, Ramseur EL (1993) Minirhizotron wheat root data: comparisons to soil core root data. Agron J 85:1058–1060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aggarwal P, Goswami B (2003) Bed planting system for increasing water use efficiency of wheat grown on inceptisol. Ind J Agric Sci 73:422–425

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lupwayi NZ, Arshad MA, Rice WA, Clayton GW (2001) Bacterial diversity in water-stable aggregates of soils under conventional and zero tillage management. Appl Soil Ecol 16:251–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Prasad R, Shivay YS, Kumar D, Sharma SN (2006) Learning by doing exercise in soil fertility (a practical manual for soil fertility). Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, p 68

    Google Scholar 

  8. Piper CS (1950) Soil and plant analysis. The University of Adelaide, Australia, pp 286–287

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chopra SL, Kanwar JS (1991) Analytical agriculture chemistry. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bouwer H (1986) Intake rate cylinder infiltrometer. In: Klute A (ed) Method of soil analysis, part 1. ASA Agronomy Monograph, Madison, pp 825–843

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986) Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Klute A, Campbell GS, Jackson RD, Mortland MM, Nielsen (eds) Methods of soil analysis. Part I. Physical and mineralogical methods, 2nd edn. American Society of Agronomy-Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 425–442

    Google Scholar 

  12. Oades JM, Waters SAG (1991) Aggregate hierarchy in soils. Aust J Soil Res 29:815–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Walkley AJ, Black CA (1934) Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chronic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Subbiah BV, Asija GL (1956) A rapid procedure for the estimation of available nitrogen in soils. Curr Sci 25(8):259–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Olsen BC, Cole CV, Watenabe FS, Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus by extraction with sodium carbonate. USDA circ. no. 939, p 19

  16. Jackson ML (1973) Soil chemical analysis, II edn. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, p 498

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS (1987) An extraction method for measuring soil biomass carbon. Soil Biol Biochem 19:703–707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Aggarwal P, Sharma NK (2002) Water uptake and yield of rainfed wheat in relation to tillage and mulch. Indian J Soil Conserv 30(2):155–160

    Google Scholar 

  19. Arsenault JL, Poulcur S, Messier C, Guay R (1995) WinRHIZO™, a root-measuring system with a unique overlap correction method. HortSci 30(4):906

    Google Scholar 

  20. Guay R, Arseneault JL (1996) Win/MacRhizo root overlap compensation method. Internal Technical Note, vol. 4. Regent Instruments Inc

  21. Azooz RH, Arshad MA, Franzluebbers AJ (1996) Pore size distribution and hydraulic conductivity affected by tillage in Northwestern Canada. Soil Sci Soc Am J 60:1197–1201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Obalum SE, Obi ME (2010) Physical properties of a sandy loam Ultisol as affected by tillage-mulch management practices and cropping systems. Soil Tillage Res 108:30–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Buschiazzo DE, Panigatti JL, Unger PW (1998) Tillage effects on soil properties and crop production in the sub-humid and semi-arid Argentinean Pampas. Soil Tillage Res 49:105–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bhattacharyya R, Prakash V, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2006) Effect of tillage and crop rotations on pore size distribution and soil hydraulic conductivity in sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas. Soil Tillage Res 82:129–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Shaver TM, Petrson GA, Ahuja LR, Westfall DG, Sherrod LA, Dunn G (2002) Surface soil physical properties after twelve years of dry land no-till management. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66:1296–1303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Acharya CL, Sood MC (1992) Effect of tillage methods on soil physical properties and water expense of rice on an acidic Alfisol. J Indian Soc Soil Sci 40:409–414

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wright AL, Hons PM (2005) Tillage on soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen sequestration under wheat cropping sequences. Soil Tillage Res 84:67–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Six J, Elliott ET, Paustian K (2000) Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biol Biochem 2:2099–2103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Mahboubi AA, Lal R (1998) Long-term tillage effects on changes in structural properties of two soils in central Ohio. Soil Tillage Res 45:107–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Whalen JK, Hu Q, Liu A (2003) Compost applications increase water-stable aggregates in conventional and no-tillage systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 67:1842–1847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Verhulst N, Deckers J, Govaerts B (2009) Classification of the soil at CIMMYT’s experimental station in the Yaqui Valley near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. CIMMYT report. CIMMYT, Mexico

  32. Stockdale EA, Brookes PC (2006) Detection and quantification of the soil microbial biomass: impacts on the management of agricultural soils. J Agric Sci Camb 144:285–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sarkar R, Kar S (2011) Temporal changes in fertility and physical properties of soil under contrasting tillage-crop residue management for sustainable rice-wheat system on sandy-loam soil. J Crop Improv 25(3):262–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sarkar R, Kar S (2008) Sequence analysis of DSSAT to select optimum strategy of crop residue and nitrogen for sustainable rice–wheat rotation. Agron J 100(1):87–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Malhi SS, Nyborg M, Goddard T, Puurveen D (2011) Long-term tillage, straw and N rate effects on some chemical properties in two contrasting soil types in Western Canada. Nut Cycl Agroecol 90:133–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Stoffel S, Gutser R, Claassen N (1995) Root growth in an develop agricultural landscape of the “Tertiar-Hugelland”. Agribiol Res 48:330–340

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gerard CJ, Sexton P, Shaw G (1982) Physical factors influencing soil strength and root growth. Agron J 74:875–879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. De Freitas PL, Zobel RW, Snyder VA (1999) Corn root growth in soil columns with artificially constructed aggregates. Crop Sci 39:725–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Chassot A, Richner W (2002) Root characteristics and phosphorus uptake of maize seedlings in a bilayered soil. Agron J 94:114–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sugarcane Research Station (TNAU), Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, 607 001, India

    V. Karunakaran

  2. Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    U. K. Behera

Authors
  1. V. Karunakaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. U. K. Behera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Karunakaran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karunakaran, V., Behera, U.K. Effects of Tillage and Residue Management Practices on Soil and Root Parameters in Soybean (Glycine max)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping System. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88, 487–496 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0777-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0777-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation