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Cellular Response of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Titanium Surfaces Implanted with Calcium and Magnesium Ions

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Abstract

Surface characteristics and cellular response to titanium surfaces that had been implanted with calcium and magnesium ions using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) were evaluated. Three different titanium surfaces were analyzed: a resorbable blast media (RBM) surface (blasted with hydroxyapatite grit), a calcium ion-implanted surface, and a magnesium ion-implanted surface. The surface characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the 3 different surfaces. Initial cell attachment was evaluated by SEM, and cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify osteoblastic gene expression (i.e., genes encoding RUNX2, type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin). Surface analysis did not reveal any changes in surface topography after ion implantation. AES revealed that magnesium ions were present in deeper layers than calcium ions. The calcium ion- and magnesium ion-implanted surfaces showed greater initial cell attachment. Investigation of cell proliferation revealed no significant difference among the groups. After 6 days of cultivation, the expression of RUNX2 was higher in the magnesium ion-implanted surface and the expression of osteocalcin was lower in the calcium ion-implanted surface. In conclusion, ion implantation using the PIIID technique changed the surface chemistry without changing the topography. Calcium ion- and magnesium ion-implanted surfaces showed greater initial cellular attachment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the research fund of Gangneung-Wonju National University (2014100126).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheongil 7, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 26403, Republic of Korea

    Sun Won, Yoon-Hyuk Huh, Lee-Ra Cho & Chan-Jin Park

  2. Department of Anatomy and Research Institute of Oral Science, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, 26403, Republic of Korea

    Hee-Su Lee

  3. Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea

    Eung-Sun Byon

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  1. Sun Won
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Correspondence to Chan-Jin Park.

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Won, S., Huh, YH., Cho, LR. et al. Cellular Response of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Titanium Surfaces Implanted with Calcium and Magnesium Ions. Tissue Eng Regen Med 14, 123–131 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0028-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0028-3

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