Abstract
Soil degradation in Guinea has become a subject of national concern in general, and in Lower Guinea in particular. We set ourselves the objective of understanding the source of this phenomenon, evaluating its extent and proposing perspectives for its mitigation. To do this, we conducted about 30 surveys in the Boké region (Lower Guinea), combined with a very thorough geoscientific analysis (Teledetection, GIS, Cartography and Geology). Our results show that between 1982 and 1992, fresh vegetation cover was 67% and about 11% for each of the other classes: dry vegetation, barren soil and sand mineral soil. Between 1992 and 2002, the trend was 70% for fresh vegetation cover; 23% for dry vegetation; 2% for barren soil and 5% for sand mineral soil. Between 2002 and 2012, the same entities each and respectively increased to: 61%; 16%; 7% and 16% respectively. The period between 2012 and 2021 was marked by: 73% fresh vegetation cover; 22% dry vegetation; 2% barren soils and 3% sand mineral soil combination. Domestic needs, deforestation, meteorological variations and mining activity (bauxite mining affects the health of the local and surrounding population in several ways: by polluting the environment with charged air masses that move over several kilometres or by destroying its physical state; by the uncontrolled use of chemical explosives that impact human and animal wastewater in rivers and lakes) play a key role in this temporal and geographical fluctuation. In addition, to providing a more stable land management policy, we demonstrate here the natures of the negative impacts of all these factors and their magnitudes. The locations of the main pollution units in the region have been displayed. Degradation over time and in space was tracked, and then position the main rivers in relation to the high-risk areas.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmadou CA, Dugué P, De Foresta H (2012) Transformation des mosaïques de foret-savane par des pratiques agroforestières en Afrique sub-saharienne (Guinée -Cameroun). Open Edition J Environ Nat Paysage 627:25. https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.25588
Ambroise B (1999) La dynamique du cycle de l'eau dans un bassin versant, processus, facteurs, modèles Bucarest : édition HGA. Ulysse 5 : 171-195. https://ulysse.univ-lorraine.fr
Atkins International (2007) Profil Environnemental de la Guinée, Rapport Final pour la Commission Européenne”, Lettre de contrat n° 2007/14041. FSM Toolbox https://www.fsmtoolbox.com/assets/pdf/Environmental_Profile_of_Guinea_European_Union-2017.doc
Begg GC, Griffin WL, Natapov LM, O’Reilly SY, Grand SP, O’Neill CJ, Hronsky JMA, Poudjom Djomani Y, Swain CJ, Deen T, Bowden P (2009) The lithospheric architecture of Africa : Seismic tomography, mantle petrology, and tectonic evolution. GeoScienceWorld 5(1):23–50. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00179.1
Benabdallah EM (2010), Mouvement des eaux souterraines et des ions majeurs dans une argile Champlain depuis sa formation. Thèse de doctorat, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Polypublie.https://publications.polymtl.ca/282/
Chen ZY, Zhao YY, Chen DL, Huang HT, Zhao Y, Wu YJ (2023) Ecological risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal cumulation in the soils near the Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area, Henan Province, central China. China Geol 6(1):15–26
Climate Technology Centre and Network (2017) Étude prospective des impacts du changement climatique sur la région urbaine de Conakry en vue d’une planification climato-compatible,ctcn.
Craw D, Rufaut C, Pillai D (2023) Evolution of alkaline mine drainage and unique biodiversity on soil-free mine substrates, southern new zealand. Mine Water Enviro 42:3–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-023-00913-x
Diallo ID, Tilioua A, Chakib D, Amar A, Sidibé D (2023) Study and analysis of seasonal soil degradation in lower guinea and forest guinea. Results in Eng 19:101381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101381
Diallo ID, Tilioua A, Chakib D, Amar A, Sidibé D (2024) Study and analysis of the effects of vegetation cover destruction on soil degradation in Middle Guinea through the application of remote sensing and geotechnics. Heliyon 10(1):E23556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23556
Domain F and Bah MO (1993) Carte sédimentologique du plateau continental guinéen. Horizon pleins textes, ORSTOM 15 PP. (Notice Explicative 108). ISBN 2–7099–0777–1
Egis International (2016) Etude stratégique environnementale et sociale de la réforme du secteur minier en République de Guinée, Rapport final. Commission Européenne
Fernández-Raga M, Gutiérrez EG, Keesstra SD, Tárrega R, Nunes JP, Marcos E, Rodrigo -Comino J, (2021) Determining the potential impacts of fire and different land uses on splash erosion. J Arid Environ 186:104419
Issayeva A, Myrzabayeva Z, Kidirbayeva K, Ibragimov T, Baitasheva G (2023) Tleukeyeva a use of acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for decontamination of explosive waste from oil refineries. J Ecol Eng 24:19–24. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/147838
Kehusmaa K, Kauppila T, Österholm P, Juntunen J, Saarni S (2023) Properties and stability of mining-induced meromixis in two small boreal lakes in eastern finland. Mine Water Environ 42:24–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-023-00915-9
Lagare C, Yamazaki T, Ito J (2023) Numerical simulation of a heavy rainfall event over Mindanao, Philippines, on 03 May 2017: mesoscale convective systems under weak large-scale forcing. Geosci Lett 10:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-023-00277-8
Laibi AB, Gomina M, Sorgho B, Sagbo E, Blanchart P, Boutouil M, Sohounhloule DKC (2017) Caractérisation physico-chimique et géotechnique de deux sites argileux du Bénin en vue de leur valorisation dans l’éco-construction. Intern j Biol Chem Sci 11(1):499–514. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i1.40
Larbi I (2023) Land use-land cover change in the Tano basin, Ghana and the implications on sustainable development goals. Heliyon 9(4):e14859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14859
Leprêtre R (2015) Evolution phanérozoïque du Craton Ouest Africain et de ses bordures Nord et Ouest. Sciences de la Terre, Thèse, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI (France). https://hal-obspm.ccsd.cnrs.fr/STAR/tel-01155163
Lónová K, Kalousek P, Klemš M (2023) Comparison of the Effect of Flurochloridone and Fluoranthene on the Root and Shoot Anatomy and Morphology of Pea Plants (Pisum sativum). J Ecol Eng 24:8–18. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/163218
Lukić S, Baumgertel A, Obradović S, Kadović R, Beloica J, Pantić D, Miljković P, Belanović Simić S (2022) Assessment of land sensitivity to degradation using MEDALUS model-a case study of Grdelica Gorge and Vranjska Valley (southeastern Serbia). Biog for 15:163–170
Maignien R (1958) Le cuirassemhttps://www.itie-guinee.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ESES-PAGSEM-Rapport-FINAL_EGIS-Definitif_V2.pdfent des sols en Guinée (Afrique occidentale) Strasbourg : Service de la carte géologique d'Alsace et de Lorraine. persee 246.https://www.persee.fr/doc/sgeol_0080-9020_1958_mon_16_1https://www.itie-guinee.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ESES-PAGSEM-Rapport-FINAL_EGIS-Definitif_V2.pdfent
Marissal E (2011) Analyse des facteurs de réussite de l’aménagement de basfonds en Guinée Forestière. Agritrop 401300. https://agritrop.cirad.fr/401300/1/document_401300.pdf
Millogo Y (2008) Etude géotechnique, chimique et minéralogique de matières premières argileuse et latéritique du Burkina Faso améliorées aux liants hydrauliques : application au génie civil (bâtiment et route), Thèse, Université de Ouagadougou. Secheresse 55599. http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article55599
Moged (2008) Evaluation des impacts environnementaux du projet d’exploitation des gisements de Bauxite de N’Dangara et de Boundou Waade en Guinee. Ifdd. https://www.moged.ifdd.francophonie.org/index.php/fr/publications/item/263-fiche-moged-evaluation-des-impacts
Orange D (1990) Hydroclimatologie et dynamique actuelle d’un vieux paysage latéritique (Afrique de l’Ouest). Thèse, Université de Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, France https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:36067
Pacheco Quevedo R, Velastegui-Montoya A, Montalván-Burbano N, Morante-Carballo F, Korup O, Daleles Rennó C (2023) Land use and land cover as a conditioning factor in landslide susceptibility: a literature review. Landslides 20:967–982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-02020-4
Potrel A (1994) Evolution tectono-métamorphique d'un segment de croûte continentale archéenne. Exemple de l'Amsaga (R.I. Mauritanie), Dorsale Réguibat (Craton Ouest Africain). Thèse, Université Rennes 1.https://theses.hal.science/tel-00675134
Segura-Millán K, Perez-Verdin G (2023) The effect of payments for ecosystem services on forest cover, land use, and capacity building in northern Mexico. Trees, Forests and People 12:100387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2023.100387
Sow MA (2018) Hydrologie et géochimie des transports fluviaux dissous et particulaires dans le bassin versant du Milo (République de Guinée). Thèse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France. https://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0039
Wang J, Zhen J, Hu W, Chen S, Lizaga I, Zeraatpisheh M, Yang X (2023) Remote sensing of soil degradation: Progress and perspective. Intern Soil Water Conserv Res 3:2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2023.03.002
Wu L, Zhang K, Zhu X, Lu T, Wang X (2023) Effects of amendments on carbon and nitrogen fractions in agricultural soils of yellow river delta. Geosci Lett 10:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-023-00276-9
Zhao Z, Shou Y, Zhou X (2023) Microscopic cracking behaviors of rocks under uniaxial compression with microscopic multiphase heterogeneity by deep learning. Int J Min Sci Tech 33(4):411–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.12.008
Zheng J, Meng L, Sun Y, Peng S (2023) GPU-acceleration 3D rotated-staggered-grid solutions to microseismic anisotropic wave equation with moment tensor implementation. Int J Min Sci Technol 33(4):403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2022.09.017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of Interest
We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property.
Additional information
Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Diallo, I.D., Tilioua, A., Darraz, C. et al. Studies of soil degradation in Lower Guinea, impact on the environment and the health of the population. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05655-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05655-z