Abstract
Coastal zones have great environmental and economic importance, since anthropogenic activities are very intense, and consequently, their water quality can be affected. Spatial and temporal variations in physicochemical parameters [temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity] in the surface water from the São Lourenço Watershed, a coastal zone in southern Brazil, were investigated. The influence of Patos Lagoon on the watershed in dry periods was confirmed by the increase in salinity and EC of up to 6.43 and 10,810.00 µS cm−1, respectively. In addition, the DO content with low values at the mouth in some samplings, below the Brazilian legislation, calls attention for the water quality. The principal component analysis showed considerable differences in the lower course by comparison with the upper course and the middle course due to climatic and anthropogenic factors. Results from the monitoring enabled to understand fluvial dynamics involving the system of a watershed that contributes to disposal in coastal lagoons through seasonal and climatic factors. Besides, from a managerial point of view, the obtained results support effective decision-making for the preservation of coastal ecosystems.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support granted by the Brazilian agencies Fundação de Amparo à pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Finance Code 001), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) and fellowships granted by CAPES. Primel, E. G. received a productivity research fellowship from the CNPq (DT 305716/2020-4).
Funding
Support for this research was provided by the Brazilian agencies FAPERGS, CAPES (Finance Code 001), CNPq, FINEP and fellowships granted by CAPES. Primel, E. G. received a productivity research fellowship from the CNPq (DT 305716/2020-4).
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JMS contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation and writing—original draft preparation. GT was involved in the conceptualization, data curation and writing—review and editing. MLM assisted in the formal analysis, investigation, data curation and writing—review and editing. SCB contributed to the investigation, data curation and writing—review and editing. EGP was involved in the conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision project administration and funding acquisition.
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dos Santos, J.M., Trentin, G., Martins, M.L. et al. Spatial and seasonal variations in coastal water physicochemical parameters in a southeastern Brazilian watershed. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 1403–1418 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05062-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05062-w