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Black cumin bioactive compounds as eco-friendly novel green herbicides in wheat cropping: application to reduce chemical herbicides pollution

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Abstract

Excessive use of chemical herbicides has led to human health and environmental problems. However, environmentally friendly strategies for weed management are changing them competition in favor of crops. In this regard, the effects of different aqueous extract concentrations of root and shoot of black cumin on germination and initial growth of charlock mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared in 2020 in the Agriculture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University. The results showed that increasing the concentration of black cumin extracts increased hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide, and proline and decreased the germination parameters, mitotic index, cell viability, and vigor index of charlock mustard. Black cumin extract, even with the lowest concentration, restricted the vigor index of charlock mustard with a steeper slope than the wheat (18 and 4.5%, respectively). The presence of critical inhibitory compounds in black cumin extract, including polyphenols (such as tricarboxylic acids), flavonoids, and alkaloids (such as magnoflorine, myristicin, norargemonine, and nigellamine), restricts the germination indices of charlock mustard. Additionally, terpenoids such as cycloartenol, bisabolol, limonene, P-cymene, O-cymene, 1,8-cineole, myrcene, carvacrol, and thymol, which were higher in the shoot than the root, strengthen the inhibitory effects of black cumin extract. In general, due to the strong impact of black cumin extract on stopping the growth of charlock mustard weed and little impact on wheat seedlings, black cumin can be introduced as a viable candidate for natural herbicide production. In addition, its cultivation in rotation with a wheat crop, helps control charlock mustard and reduce the use of synthetic herbicides.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Shahrekord University for providing financial support (grant # 99GRN31M731 to SF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    E. Madadi & S. Fallah

  2. Department of Plants, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA

    A. Sadeghpour

  3. Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Najafabad, Iran

    H. Barani-Beiranvand

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Contributions

EM designed the analysis, collected the data, and contributed to analysis, writing-original draft preparation, and investigation. SF designed the analysis and contributed to methodology, writing-review and editing, conceptualization, and supervision. AS contributed to writing-review and editing, conceptualization, and project advisory committee. HB-B collected the data and contributed to writing-review and editing and project advisory committee.

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Correspondence to S. Fallah.

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Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.

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Madadi, E., Fallah, S., Sadeghpour, A. et al. Black cumin bioactive compounds as eco-friendly novel green herbicides in wheat cropping: application to reduce chemical herbicides pollution. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 7325–7342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04980-z

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