Abstract
In phytoremediation, endophytic bacteria communities play an important role in assisting treatment processes. Plant–microbe–medium interactions occur during the treatment and improves the removal efficiencies of pollutants. This study analyzes the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from the root systems of Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin and Scirpus grossus L. Both plants were used in constructed wetlands to treat real domestic wastewater. Four isolates, namely, Lap(1 + 2)1, Lap2, Lap3, and Sc(1 + 2)2, were isolated from the ROOT tissues of both plants. All isolated endophytic bacteria were tested for the removal of ammonium (initial concentrations: 3, 6, 12, and 18 ppm), phosphate (initial concentrations: 1, 2, 5, and 8 ppm) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (initial concentrations: 496 ± 52, 525 ± 47, 590 ± 105, and 616 ± 119 mg/L) from artificial wastewater. The biodegradation test showed a good performance of the ammonium, phosphate, and COD removal, reaching 75.8% (by Sc(1 + 2)2), 58.3% (by Lap(1 + 2)1), and 90.8% (by Lap3), respectively, for 24 h of treatment. Among the four isolates, Lap(1 + 2)1 and Lap3 were identified as Bacillus cereus, Lap2 was identified as Chromobacterium violaceum, and Sc(1 + 2)2 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae via 16 s rRNA genomic identification. Organic material and nutrient removal during phytoremediation was supported by the activities of the endophytic bacteria.
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The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) for funding this project through DIP-2021-002 research grant.
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Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia via DIP-2021–002.
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Fayeq Abdel Hafez Al-Ajalin (writing original draft, investigation, formal analysis data curation), Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah (conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, project administration, supervision, validation, writing – review & editing), Mushrifah Idris (funding acquisition, supervision), Setyo Budi Kurniawan (writing original draft, writing – review & editing, visualization, validation), and Muhammad Fauzul Imron (writing – review & editing, visualization).
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Al-Ajalin, F.A.H., Abdullah, S.R.S., Idris, M. et al. Removal of ammonium, phosphate, and COD by bacteria isolated from Lepironia articulata and Scirpus grossus root system. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 11893–11904 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03926-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-03926-1