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Sorption of cationic and anionic dyes by dead biomass of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyceae)

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Abstract

The present study investigates the sorption of four commercial dyes, namely Methylene Blue (MB), Malachite Green (MG), Indigo Carmine (IC), and Rhodamine B (RB) by dead biomass of Cladophora sp. The test alga exhibited the maximum sorption capacity (qmax) for MG (250.53 mg g−1) followed in decreasing order by MB (94.76), IC (63.20), and RB (16.50). The sorption of MB and MG was influenced by the initial pH of the solution. It increased consistently as pH increased from 2 to 8. Whereas sorption of the other two dyes, RB and IC, is almost pH-independent and decreased slightly as pH increased from 2 to 4. The sorption of all the test dyes by Cladophora biomass was rapid and the process attained equilibrium within 4–8 h. The general-order rate law appropriately fitted to the time course sorption data of all the test dyes (adj R2 > 0.989). The kinetic order of the sorption reaction varied from 1.62 to 3.77 for different dyes. Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich-Peterson and Sips models suitably described the equilibrium sorption data of the test dyes. However, the last three models showed a marginal superiority over the Freundlich model by revealing a slightly higher adj R2 value for each studied dye. Nonetheless, the test biomass could be a suitable biosorbent as it rapidly sorbed the substantial amounts of both cationic and anionic dyes from the aqueous solutions and is also easily and widely available as a low-cost algal material.

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Acknowledgements

BMS thanks the Head, Department of Botany, T. D. Postgraduate College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh for the necessary facilities. VU and DK acknowledge the Head, Department of Botany and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, for encouragement and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, T. D. Postgraduate College, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222 001, India

    B. M. Seth & A. Singh

  2. Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246 174, India

    V. Uniyal & D. Kumar

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  1. B. M. Seth
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  2. V. Uniyal
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  3. D. Kumar
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  4. A. Singh
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Contributions

BMS planned and executed experiments, prepared a draft of the manuscript and finalized the manuscript for submission. VU performed the physicochemical characterization of the biomass. DK helped in processing and interpreting data and finalization of the manuscript. AS was involved in conceiving the idea, planning the experiments, presentation and discussion of results.

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Correspondence to B. M. Seth.

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Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia.

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Seth, B.M., Uniyal, V., Kumar, D. et al. Sorption of cationic and anionic dyes by dead biomass of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. (Chlorophyceae). Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 12079–12090 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03802-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03802-4

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