Abstract
In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the addition of different amounts of manganese to a spark-ignition (SI) engine operating with alcohol–gasoline fuel blend. The content of the fuel blend used was set to 7.5% fusel oil, 7.5% ethanol and 85% gasoline. By adding 4, 8, 12 and 16 ppm manganese to this fuel mixture, tests were carried out at different engine speeds (2500, 2750, 3000 and 3250 rpm). An analysis of variance (ANOVA)-supported RSM model was created to determine the optimum engine speed/manganese amount and responses according to optimum engine conditions. According to the optimization results obtained from RSM, the optimum manganese amount and engine speed were found as 3 ppm and 2650 rpm, respectively. In addition, the responses according to optimum engine conditions are 26.237 Nm, 8.262 kW, 385.749 g/kWh, 666.924 °C, 7.079%, 34.3115 ppm, 7.921% and 140.428 ppm for torque, power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxide(NOx), respectively. Moreover, according to the validation tests for the reliability of the optimization results, the error rates were below 10%. Based on these results, it can be said that RSM can successfully determine the amount of manganese to be added to the SI engine operating with dual alcohol/gasoline blends.
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Abbreviations
- RSM:
-
Response Surface Methodology
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- B:
-
Gasoline
- FE15B85:
-
7.5% Waste fusel oil and 7.5% ethanol by volume, and 85% gasoline
- 4ppmFE15B85:
-
7.5% Waste fusel oil and 7.5% ethanol by volume, and 85% gasoline and 4 ppm manganese
- 8ppmFE15B85:
-
7.5% Waste fusel oil and 7.5% ethanol by volume, and 85% gasoline and 8 ppm manganese
- 12ppmFE15B85:
-
7.5% Waste fusel oil and 7.5% ethanol by volume, and 85% gasoline and12 ppm manganese
- 16ppmFE15B85:
-
7.5% Waste fusel oil and 7.5% ethanol by volume, and 85% gasoline and 16 ppm manganese
- EGT:
-
Exhaust gas temperature
- BSFC:
-
Break specific fuel consumption
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxide
- ppm:
-
Parts per million
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- ASTM:
-
American Society for Testing and Materials
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The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.
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Suleyman USTUN designed the entire experiments and established the system, analyzed the results, and wrote the manuscript.
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Ustun, S. Determination of optimum manganese amount by response surface methodology with alcohol–gasoline fuel blend in an SI engine. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 2075–2088 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03624-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03624-4