Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental investigation of the effect of dual horizontal screens on the hydraulic performance of a vertical drop

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the most effective ways to dissipate the destructive energy of water downstream of a flow control structure is the interference of water with air (such as a vertical drop). In this study, the hydraulic parameters of a vertical drop equipped with dual horizontal screens and with the subcritical upstream flow were investigated. Experiments were performed for two drop heights, two porosities, three relative distances between the screens, and a relative critical depth that was varied from 0.077 to 0.242. The results revealed that the relative distance between the screens does not affect the relative depth and downstream residual energy. On the other hand, increasing the relative length of the drop caused a decrease in the relative depth. Also, for a vertical drop equipped with a type 1 settling basin, the relative downstream depth decreased by more than 48%. The normal residual downstream energy and the relative total length of the drop are also decreased. The results also reveal that the use of dual horizontal screens transformed the regime of flow from super- to subcritical downstream of the drop.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

S p :

distance between the screens (m)

P :

porosity of screens (dimensionless)

h :

drop height (m)

Q :

flow discharge (m3 s−1)

g :

gravitational acceleration (m s−2)

y c :

critical depth (m)

y u :

approach flow depth (m)

y d :

downstream depth of the drop(m)

y p :

back pool depth (m)

L wet :

wetted length of the screen (m)

L mix :

mixing length of pool (m)

E d :

specific energy of drop downstream (m)

E u :

total energy of drop upstream (m)

α :

relative critical depth (dimensionless)

S pr :

relative distance between screens (dimensionless)

Y p :

relative pool depth (dimensionless)

Y d :

relative downstream depth (dimensionless)

L w :

relative wetted length (dimensionless)

L m :

mixing length (dimensionless)

E d :

normalized residual energy (dimensionless)

Ψ :

relative reduction percentage pool depth (dimensionless)

Ypd:

pool depth for vertical drop equipped with double horizontal screens (m)

Y ps :

pool depth for vertical drop equipped with a single horizontal screen (m)

L d :

drop length (m)

L b :

length of the hydraulic jump (m)

L sm :

relative length of plain vertical drop (m)

ω :

ratio of increasing the relative downstream depth (dimensionless)

Yd d :

relative downstream depth of the plain vertical drop (m)

Yd s :

relative downstream depth of vertical drop equipped with double horizontal screens (m)

References

  • Aslankara V (2007) Experimental investigation of tailwater effect on the energy dissipation through screens. Doctoral dissertation, MS thesis, Middle East Technical Univ. Ankara, Turkey

  • Bakhmeteff MW (1932) Hydraulics of open channels. McGraw-Hill book company, Inc, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley JN, Peterka AJ (1957) The hydraulic design of stilling basins: hydraulic jumps on a horizontal apron (basin i). J Hydraul Div 83(5):1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Çakir P (2003) Experimental investigation of energy dissipation through screens. Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

  • Chamani MR, Rajaratnam N, Beirami MK (2008) Turbulent jet energy dissipation at vertical drops. J Hydraul Eng 134(10):1532–1535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daneshfaraz R, Sadeghfam S, Ghahramanzadeh A (2017) Three-dimensional numerical investigation of flow through screens as energy dissipators. Can J Civil Eng 44(10):850–859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daneshfaraz R, Sadeghfam S, Tahni A (2019) Experimental investigation of screen as energy dissipators in the movable-bed channel. Iran J Sci Tech Trans Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-019-00306-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esen II, Alhumoud JM, Hannan KA (2004) Energy loss at a drop structure with a step at the base. Water Int 29(4):523–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farouk M, Elgamal M (2012) Investigation of the performance of single and multi-drop hydraulic structures. Int J Hydrol Sci Technol 2(1):48–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill MA (1979) Hydraulics of rectangular vertical drop structures. J Hydraul Res 17(4):289–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasanniya V (2019) Experimental investigation of flow energy dissipation through the application of the screen in drops. MS thesis, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

  • Hong YM, Huang HS, Wan S (2010) Drop characteristics of free-falling nappe for an aerated straight-drop spillway. J Hydraul Res 48(1):125–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabiri-Samani AR, Bakhshian E, Chamani MR (2017) Flow characteristics of grid drop-type dissipators. Flow Meas Instrum 54:298–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu SI, Chen JY, Hong YM, Huang HS, Raikar RV (2014) Impact characteristics of free over-fall in pool zone with upstream bed slope. J Mar Sci Technol 22(4):476–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Norouzi R, Daneshfaraz R, Bazyar A (2019) The study of energy dissipation due to the use of vertical screen in the downstream of inclined drops by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Amirkabir J Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.22060/CEEJ.2019.16694.6305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaratnam N, Chamani MR (1995) Energy loss at drops. J Hydraul Res 33(3):373–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajaratnam N, Hurtig KI (2000) Screen-type energy dissipator for hydraulic structures. J Hydraul Eng 126(4):310–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse H (1936) Discharge characteristics of the free overfall: use of crest section as a control provides easy means of measuring discharge. Civil Eng 6(4):257–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghfam S, Akhtari AA, Daneshfaraz R, Tayfur G (2015) Experimental investigation of screens as energy dissipaters in the submerged hydraulic jump. Turk J Eng Environ Sci 38(2):126–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadeghfam S, Daneshfaraz R, Khatibi R, Minaei O (2019) Experimental studies on scour of supercritical flow jets in upstream of screens and modelling scouring dimensions using artificial intelligence to combine multiple models (AIMM). J Hydroinf 21(5):893–907

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharif M, Kabiri-Samani A (2018) Flow regimes at grid drop-type dissipators caused by changes in tail-water depth. J Hydraul Res 56(4):505–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank all who assisted in conducting this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran

    R. Daneshfaraz, M. Majedi Asl & S. Razmi

  2. Department of Water Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    R. Norouzi

  3. School of Engineering, University of St. Thomas, St Paul, USA

    J. Abraham

Authors
  1. R. Daneshfaraz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Majedi Asl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Razmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Norouzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Abraham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Daneshfaraz.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Daneshfaraz, R., Majedi Asl, M., Razmi, S. et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of dual horizontal screens on the hydraulic performance of a vertical drop. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 2927–2936 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02622-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02622-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation