Abstract
Botanical insecticides (BIs) are considered a valuable alternative for plant protection in sustainable agriculture. The use of both BIs and parasitoids are presumed to be mutually compatible pest management practices. However, there is controversy on this subject, as various studies have reported lethal and sublethal effects of BIs on hymenopteran parasitoids. To shed new light on this controversy, a meta-analytic approach of the effects of BIs on adult mortality, parasitism, and parasitoid emergence under laboratory conditions was performed. We show that BIs increased mortality, decreased parasitism, and decreased parasitoid emergence. Botanical insecticides derived from Nicotiana tabacum and Caceolaria andina were particulary lethal. Most of the parasitoid groups showed susceptibility to BIs, but the families Scelionidae and Ichneumonidae were not significantly affected. The negative effects of BIs were seen regardless of the type of exposure (topical, ingestion, or residual). In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that under laboratory conditions, exposure of hymenopteran parasitoids to BIs had significant negative effects on adult mortality, parasitism, and parasitoid emergence.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank CONACyT Mexico for the M. Sc. scholarship granted to Raul Monsreal Ceballos. Thanks also to the Dr. Maricarmen Sánchez Borja for technical assistance with the experiments for the thesis research.
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Edited by Edison Ryoiti Sujii – Embrapa/Cernagen
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Monsreal-Ceballos, R.J., Ruiz-Sánchez, E., Ballina-Gómez, H.S. et al. Effects of Botanical Insecticides on Hymenopteran Parasitoids: a Meta-analysis Approach. Neotrop Entomol 47, 681–688 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-017-0580-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-017-0580-5