Abstract
Two methods recommended by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC) to test the side-effect of pesticide residues on Phytoseiulus persimilis in the laboratory were evaluated. The test on detached leaves resulted in an unacceptably high percentage of escaping individuals. This was not the case when the tests were performed in ventilated glass cages. To validate the results obtained in the laboratory additional experiments were performed on intact plants in the greenhouse. Results obtained on detached leaves underestimate effects found in the greenhouse, whereas effects measured in the glass cages are an overestimation. Besides the effect of residue on juvenile survival and adult reproduction, ovicidal effects and the effect of direct contact for adults and eggs were also taken into account in the evaluation. All tests were performed with endosulfan. It is concluded that the use of this compound at the recommended field concentration is not compatible with the use of P. persimilis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol., 18:265–267.
Bakker, F.M. and Calis J.N.M. 1989. A laboratory method for testing side-effects of pesticides on phytoseiid mites, based on a ventilated glass box: the “coffin cell”.
Med. Fac. Landbouww. Rijksuniv. Gent,54/3a:845–851.
Bakker, F.M., Grove, A., Blümel, S., Calis, J.N.M. and Oomen, P.A. 1992. Side-effect tests for phytoseiids and their rearing methods. Bulletin IOBC/WPRS, 1992/XV/3: 61–81.
Blümel S. 1990. Nützlingseinsatz zur integrierten Schädlingsbekämpfung in Bouvardien und Rosen unter Glas. Pflanzenschutzberichte 51 (1): 25–35.
Blümel, S., Hausdorf, H. and Hergovich, M. 1991. Effect of various insecticides on Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Aphis gossypii in laboratory. Working Paper, Bundesanstalt für Pflanzenschutz. Unpublished.
Blümel, S. 1991. Evaluation of the effect of endosulfan (Thiodan 35) on Phytoseiulus persimilis A.-H. with different testing and calculation methods. IOBC Meeting Working Group “Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms”. Southampton, September 1991. Unpublished.
Böhmer B., Dalchow J., Gündel L., Krebs E., Merz F. and Schickendanz F. 1991. Frankliniella-neue Erkenntnisse zur Bekämpfung, Gärtnerbörse und Gärtnerwelt 16:807–812.
Hassan S.A. and Oomen P.A., 1985. Testing the side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms by OILB working party. In: Hussey N.W. and Scopes N. (Editors), Biological pest control. The greenhouse experience. Blanford Press Poole, Dorset, pp.145–152
Henseler, K., 1989. Geht die Thripsbekämpfung mit Hilfe von Zucker besser? Taspo-Magazin: 21–22.
Hoechst, 1990. Thiodan, technical information.
Merz, F., 1989. Welche Präparate gegen Thrips in blühenden Beständen? Taspo-Magazin: 23–24.
Oomen, P.A., 1988. Guideline for the evaluation of side effects of pesticides on Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H., IOBC/WPRS- Bulletin,1988/XI/4: 51–64.
Oomen, P.A., Romeijn, G., and Wiegers, G.L., 1991. Side-effects of 100 pesticides on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, collected and evaluated according to the EPPO Guideline. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO 21, in press.
Samsoe-Petersen L., 1983. Laboratory method for testing side effects of pesticides on juvenile stages of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) based on detached bean leaves. Entomophaga, 28(2):167–178.
Samsoe-Petersen L., Bigler F., Bogenschütz H.; Brun J.; Hassan S.A.; Helyer N.L., Kühner C., Mansour F., Naton E., Oomen P.A., Overmeer W.P.J., Polgar L., Rieckmann W. and Stäubli A. 1989. Laboratory rearing techniques for 16 beneficial arthropod species and their prey/hosts. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 96(3):289–316.
Samsoe-Petersen L. 1990. Sequences of standard methods to test effects of chemicals on terrestrial arthropods. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 19: 310–319.
Schulten G.G.M., Van deKlashorst G. and V.M.Russel. 1976. Resistance of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae_ and two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Z. ang. Ent., 80: 337–341.
Sterk, G. and Vanwetswinkel, G., 1988. A semi-field-method for testing the side-effects on the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. (Phytoseiidae, Acari). IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 1988/XI/4:135–136.
Stolz M., 1990. Testing side effects of various pesticides on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis A.H. (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in laboratory. Pflanzenschutzberichte, 31(3): 127–138.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Blümel, S., Bakker, F. & Grove, A. Evaluation of different methods to assess the side-effects of pesticides on Phytoseiulus persimilis A.-H.. Exp Appl Acarol 17, 161–169 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118433
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118433