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Silver-photodeposited TiO2-clay nanocomposite: sol–gel synthesis, characterization and CCD-optimized photocatalytic activity

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Abstract

Nanocomposites of TiO2-clay were synthesized by the sol–gel route. The materials were characterized by XPS, XRD, UV–Vis DRS and BET surface area. Photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation (λmax ≈ 365 nm) was investigated by means of the phenol oxidation reaction. It was observed that the UV-photocatalytic property of TiO2-clay nanocomposite (SG) (Egap = 3.17 eV, SBET = 16.58 m2 g−1) for the phenol photodegradation was higher than that of commercial AEROXIDE® TiO2 P25. The activity of SG was greatly improved after silver photodeposition; in fact, the silver-photodeposited into SG highly enhanced the phenol degradation and mineralization efficiencies. The optimization of different experimental parameters, such as the photocatalyst amount, pH, temperature or hydrogen peroxide concentration on the phenol photodegradation under UV irradiation was studied with photodeposited catalyst 1.5%Ag/SG (Egap = 3.12 eV, SBET = 12.16 m2 g−1) based on the response surface methodology selecting composite central design as statistical model. Based on the ANOVA analysis, simulations explained a good fit to the experimental data involving a second-degree polynomial model with a model F-value of 73.31 and coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9959. Optimal experimental conditions were found to be a photocatalyst amount of 2 g L−1, solution pH of 5, temperature of 40 °C and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 8 mmol L−1. Under these optimized conditions, total degradation, 91% mineralization and non-toxicity were found, at 50 mg L−1 phenol during 120 min of reaction. Overall, pyrophyllite clay is very attractive as a natural and low-cost mineral for elaborating efficient photocatalysts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the collaborations of Innovation Center, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, Morocco.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Bioressources et Bioinformatique (3Bio), École Supérieure de Technologie de Khénifra, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Béni Mellal, Morocco

    Abdelali El Gaidoumi

  2. Laboratoire de Matériaux, Procédés, Catalyse et Environnement (LMPCE), École Supérieure de Technologie de Fès, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco

    Abdelali El Gaidoumi, Karim Tanji, Amal Loqman, Youssef Fahoul, Abdellah Arrahli, Abdelaziz Dra, Morad Zouheir & Abdelhak Kherbeche

  3. Department of Physics-Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Ouarzazate, University of Ibn Zohr, Ouarzazate, Morocco

    Imane El Mrabet

  4. Centre de Recherche Euromed, Institut International des Sciences Appliquées Euro-Méditerranée, Université Euro-Méditerranéenne de Fès (UEMF), Fès, Morocco

    Abdellah Arrahli

  5. Oujda, Morocco

    Brahim El Bali

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  1. Abdelali El Gaidoumi
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El Gaidoumi, A., Tanji, K., Loqman, A. et al. Silver-photodeposited TiO2-clay nanocomposite: sol–gel synthesis, characterization and CCD-optimized photocatalytic activity. J IRAN CHEM SOC 20, 217–230 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-022-02668-8

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