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Synthesis methods and recent advances in hierarchical zeolites: a brief review

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Abstract

Zeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates that are extensively used as adsorbents and catalysts in the chemical and petrochemical industry. This is due to the reason they exhibit distinct properties such as hydrothermal stability, large surface area, strong acidity, shape selectivity, and ability to accommodate various metal ions. However, due to their microporous nature, they pose a difficulty in transporting large feed and product molecules. Such limitations can be avoided by creating hierarchical zeolites which then have shorter diffusion paths and larger pore diameters for the movement of bulky molecules. There are numerous approaches by which hierarchical zeolites can be prepared. Generally, these can be categorized as bottom-up approaches (hard templating, soft templating, and zeolitization) and top-down approaches (demetallation, recrystallization, and irradiation). In the present contribution, the aim is to review the important strategies used in synthesizing hierarchical zeolites and to survey the recent advances in the field.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain, for its support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Consulting, p2mberlin Gmbh, p2mberlin-Foreign Branch, Seef, Bahrain

    Faisal Mumtaz

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Isa Town, 32038, Bahrain

    Muhammad F. Irfan

  3. Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, 123, Oman

    Muhammad R. Usman

  4. Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan

    Muhammad R. Usman

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  1. Faisal Mumtaz
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  2. Muhammad F. Irfan
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  3. Muhammad R. Usman
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Correspondence to Muhammad F. Irfan.

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Mumtaz, F., Irfan, M.F. & Usman, M.R. Synthesis methods and recent advances in hierarchical zeolites: a brief review. J IRAN CHEM SOC 18, 2215–2229 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02183-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02183-2

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