Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Heritiera fomes ethanolic extract was evaluated.Query Ethanolic extraction of dried and grinded plant leaves and bark was performed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were also determined. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by in vitro human RBC membrane stabilizing assay and in vivo mice paw edema test. Ethanolic bark and leaf extracts of H. fomes (S1 and S2, respectively) showed significant scavenging effect on DPPH scavenging 68.51 µg/ml for S1 and 108.64 µg/ml for S2. Potent reduction potential (FRAP) was observed in S1 (83.75 mM of ferrous equivalent) while the FRAP of standard ascorbic acid was found 86.66 μM of ferrous equivalent. S1 also exhibited 87.43% β-carotene bleaching inhibition as comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene with 98.85% inhibition. Substantial phenolic and flavonoid content was also observed in S1 (136.83 μg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract and 76.67 μg quercetin equivalent/g of extract, respectively). S1 could provide 61.73% and 53.27% protection of RBC membrane in hypotonicity and heat induced lysis of RBC, respectively while the standard diclofenac sodium provided 91.66% and 86.66% protection, respectively. Furthermore, 44.16% reduction in mice paw edema at 40 μg/kg bw concentration was observed in S1 as compared to standard indomethacine (53.54% in 10 μg/kg bw concentration). The results revealed that the bark extract (S1) of H. fomes possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Acknowledgements
Experimental facilities were provided by Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Khulna University, Bangladesh and Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). We acknowledge the Sundarbans east division, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change, Government of Bangladesh for necessary administrative and logistic support in collecting plant sample material.
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Ethical ideologies and rules for Scientific Experiments on Animals originated by the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Helsinki Declaration in 2000 and the animal ethics and regulation of Khulna University, Bangladesh (Research Ref. No. KUAEC-2017/08/15) were strictly followed. To draw human blood (RBC membrane stabilizing assay), procedure and rules of Bangladesh Medical Research Council was strictly obeyed.
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Md. Emdadul Islam has no conflict of interest. Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam has no conflict of interest. Md. Morsaline Billahhas has no conflict of interest. Rana Biswas has no conflict of interest. Md. Hossain Sohrabhas has no conflict of interest. S. M. Mahbubur Rahmanhas has no conflict of interest.
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Islam, M.E., Islam, K.M.D., Billah, M.M. et al. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Heritiera fomes (Buch.-Ham), a mangrove plant of the Sundarbans. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 20, 189–197 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00401-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00401-0