Abstract
The effect of preharvest sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality and certain targeted major metabolites was investigated in ‘Chuhwangbae’ pears during short-term cold storage and shelf life. Preharvest 1-MCP application affected methionine, sucrose, and total flavonoid content and fruit decay. During cold storage and shelf life, numerous fruit quality attributes and specific targeted metabolites were affected not by preharvest 1-MCP application but by the storage duration. Overall responses in the normalized heatmap matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) loading plot showed that preharvest sprayable 1-MCP treatment enhanced the incidence of physiological disorders and suppressed the responses of targeted metabolites compared with that in untreated fruit. The results obtained using the PCA score plot showed that physiological and biochemical parameters of the fruit after preharvest 1-MCP treatment were highly separated and diverged based on the storage duration. Nevertheless, preharvest 1-MCP treatment did not significantly affect the physiological and biochemical responses associated with fruit parameters or soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids contents in cold-stored pears. Therefore, the results suggest that preharvest sprayable 1-MCP application may not have strong positive effects on the postharvest quality attributes of ‘Chuhwangbae’ pears during cold storage and shelf life.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth EA, Gillespie KM (2007) Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Nat Protocols 2:875–877. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.102
Bai JH, Baldwin EA, Goodner KL, Mattheis JP, Brecht JK (2005) Response of four apple cultivars to 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and controlled atmosphere storage. HortScience 40:1534–1538. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.5.1534
Byeon S-E, Lee J (2020) Differential responses of fruit quality and major targeted metabolites in three different cultivars of cold-stored figs (Ficus carica L). Sci Hortic 260:108877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109160
Cao S, Zheng Y, Yang Z (2011) Effect of 1-MCP treatment on nutritive and functional properties of loquat fruit during cold storage. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 39:61–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2010.526621
Chiriboga M-A, Schotsmans WC, Larrigaudière C, Dupille E, Recasens I (2013) Responsiveness of ‘Conference’ pears to 1-methylcyclopropene: the role of harvest date, orchard location and year. J Sci Food Agric 93:619–625. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5853
Choi M-H, Choi HJ, Hong SS, Lim B-S (2020) Effects of gradual cooling treatment on the skin blackening and physicochemical characteristics of ‘Chuhwang’ pear fruit. Kor J Food Preserv 27:145–158. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2020.27.2.145
Chong J, Soufan O, Li C, Caraus I, Li S, Bourque G, Wishart DS, Xia J (2018) MetaboAnalyst 4.0: towards more transparent and integrative metabolomics analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 46:W486–W494. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky310
Cock LS, Valenzuela LST, Alfredo AA (2013) Physical, chemical and sensory changes of refrigerated yellow pitahaya treated preharvest with 1-MCP. Dyna 80:11–20
DeEll JR, Ehsani-Moghaddam B (2010) Preharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatment reduces soft scald in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples during storage. HortScience 45:414–417. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.3.414
Elfving DC, Drake SR, Reed AN, Visser DB (2007) Preharvest applications of sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene in the orchard for management of apple harvest and postharvest condition. HortScience 42:1192–1199. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1192
Freiman ZE, Rodov V, Yablovitz Z, Horev B, Flaishman MA (2012) Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene inhibits ripening and improves keeping quality of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.). Sci Hortic 138:266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.01.007
Hu W, Sun D-W, Blasco J (2017) Rapid monitoring 1-MCP-induced modulation of sugars accumulation in ripening ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit by Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging. Postharvest Biol Technol 125:168–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.11.001
Huber DJ (2008) Suppression of ethylene responses through application of 1-methylcyclopropene: a powerful tool for elucidating ripening and senescence mechanisms in climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits and vegetables. HortScience 43:106–111. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.106
Itai A, Tanahashi T (2008) Inhibition of sucrose loss during cold storage in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by 1-MCP. Postharvest Biol Technol 48:355–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.10.015
Jeong ST, Kim JG, Hong SS, Jang HS, Kim YB (1998) Influence of maturity and storage temperature on the respiration rate and ethylene production in ‘Kosui’, ‘Chojuro’ and ‘Niitaka’ pears. J Kor Soc Hortic Sci 39:446–448
Kim M-S, Cho K-S, Hong S-J (2003) Determination of optimum harvest time of ‘Geumchonjosaeng’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and its shelf life at ambient temperature. Hortic Sci Technol 21:120–123
Kitamura T, Iwata T, Fukushima T, Furukawa Y, Ishiguro T (1981) Studies on the maturation-physiology and storage of fruits and vegetables II. Respiration and ethylene production in reference to species and cultivars of pear fruit. J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 49:608–616. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.49.608
Lee J, Mattheis JP, Rudell DR (2012a) Antioxidant treatment alters metabolism associated with internal browning in ‘Braeburn’ apples during controlled atmosphere storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 68:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.01.009
Lee J, Rudell DR, Davies PJ, Watkins CB (2012b) Metabolic changes in 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-treated ‘Empire’ apple fruit during storage. Metabolomics 8:742–753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-011-0373-5
Lee U-Y, Oh K-Y, Moon S-J, Hwang Y-S, Chun J-P (2012c) Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality and occurrence of physiological disorders of Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), ‘Wonhwang’ and ‘Whasan’, during shelf-life. Hortic Sci Technol 30:534–542. https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2012.12033
Lee J, Mattheis JP, Rudell DR (2013) Fruit size affects physiological attributes and storage disorders in cold-stored ‘Royal Gala’ apples. HortScience 48:1518–1524. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.48.12.1518
Lee J, Mattheis JP, Rudell DR (2016a) Storage temperature and 1-methylcyclopropene treatment affect storage disorders and physiological attributes of ‘Royal Gala’ apples. HortScience 51:84–93. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.51.1.84
Lee U-Y, Oh K-S, Hwang Y-S, Lim B-S, Ahn Y-J, Chun J-P (2016b) Effect of temperature pre-conditioning on fruit quality of early-season ‘Hanareum’ pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) during simulated marketing. Hortic Sci Technol 34:94–101. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20160003
Lee J, Jeong M-C, Ku K-H (2017a) Chemical, physical, and sensory properties of 1-MCP-treated Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits after long-term cold storage. Appl Biol Chem 60:363–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13765-017-0288-6
Lee U-Y, Choi J-H, Kim Y-K, Oh K-S, Kim S-J, Chun J-P (2017b) Comparison of fruit maketability at various temperature environment in Asian pear ‘Jinhwang’ treated with 1-methylcyclopropene. Prot Hortic Plant Fact 26:19–26. https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2017.26.1.19
Lee U-Y, Choi J-H, Lee J-H, Oh K-S, Chun J-P (2017c) Effect of 1-MCP treatment on the early-season Asian pear cultivar ‘Wonhwang’ in response to different temperature conditions during simulated exportation. Hortic Sci Technol 35:568–576. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20170061
Lee U-Y, Wang M-H, Bae T-M, Kim S-J, Choi J-H, Ahn Y-J, Chun J-P (2018) Effects of pre-drying, delayed cooling, and carbon dioxide on skin blackening disorder in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) ‘Chuhwangbae’. Hortic Sci Technol 36:370–379. https://doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20180036
Lentheric I, Pinto E, Vendrell M, Larrigaudiere C (1999) Harvest date affects the antioxidative systems in pear fruits. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 74:791–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511190
Li Q, Cheng C-x, Zhang X-f, Wang C-h, Yang S-l (2020) Preharvest bagging and postharvest calcium treatment affects superficial scald incidence and calcium nutrition during storage of ‘Chili’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 163:111149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111149
Lwin HP, Lee J (2020) Fruit quality and major metabolites in cold-stored ‘Wonhwang’ Asian pears are differentially affected by fruit size. J Sci Food Agric. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10422
McArtney SJ, Obermiller JD, Schupp JR, Parker ML, Edgington TB (2008) Preharvest 1-methylcyclopropene delays fruit maturity and reduces softening and superficial scald of apples during long-term storage. HortScience 43:366–371. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.2.366
McArtney SJ, Obermiller JD, Hoyt T, Parker ML (2009) ‘Law Rome’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples differ in their response to preharvest and postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatment combinations. HortScience 44:1632–1636. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.44.6.1632
Meyers KJ, Watkins CB, Pritts MP, Liu RH (2003) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of strawberries. J Agric Food Chem 51:6887–6892. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034506n
Park Y-M (2012) 1-MCP application for horticultural commodities in Korea: practical potential and future task. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 53:441–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-012-0174-4
Pasquariello MS, Rega P, Migliozzi T, Capuano LR, Scortichini M, Petriccione M (2013) Effect of cold storage and shelf life on physiological and quality traits of early ripening pear cultivars. Sci Hortic 162:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2013.08.034
Rudell DR, Mattheis JP, Hertog MLATM (2009) Metabolomic change precedes apple superficial scald symptoms. J Agric Food Chem 57:8459–8466. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901571g
Seo H-J, Wang Y-S, Lwin HP, Choi J-H, Chun J-P, Roan S-F, Chen I-Z, Lee J (2019) Early season ‘Wonhwang’ pear fruit quality following international transport and storage is negatively impacted by fruitlet stage gibberellic acid4+7 (GA4+7) application but improved by postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Sci Hortic 256:108549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108549
Tang H, Zhang X, Gong B, Yan Y, Shi Q (2020) Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of tomato fruit at different maturity stages and under salt treatment. Food Chem 311:126009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126009
Varanasi V, Shin S, Johnson F, Mattheis JP, Zhu Y (2013) Differential suppression of ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple by preharvest and postharvest 1-MCP treatments. J Plant Growth Regul 32:585–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-013-9326-8
Villalobos-Acuña MG, Biasi WV, Flores S, Mitcham EJ, Elkins RB, Willits NH (2010) Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene influences fruit drop and storage potential of ‘Bartlett’ pears. HortScience 45:610–616. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.4.610
Watkins CB (2006) The use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruits and vegetables. Biotechnol Adv 24:389–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.01.005
Watkins CB (2008) Overview of 1-methylcyclopropene trials and uses for edible horticultural crops. HortScience 43:86–94. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.86
Watkins CB, Nock JF, Whitaker BD (2000) Responses of early, mid and late season apple cultivars to postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) under air and controlled atmosphere storage conditions. Postharvest Biol Technol 19:17–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00070-3
Watkins CB, James H, Nock JF, Reed N, Oakes RL (2010) Preharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) to control fruit drop of apples, and its effects on postharvest quality. Acta Hortic 877:365–374. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.877.46
Yu L, Shao X, Wei Y, Xu F, Wang H (2017) Sucrose degradation is regulated by 1-methycyclopropene treatment and is related to chilling tolerance in two peach cultivars. Postharvest Biol Technol 124:25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.09.002
Yuan R, Carbaugh DH (2007) Effects of NAA, AVG, and 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of ‘Golden Supreme’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. HortScience 42:101–105. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.42.1.101
Yuan R, Li J (2008) Effect of sprayable 1-MCP, AVG, and NAA on ethylene biosynthesis, preharvest fruit drop, fruit maturity, and quality of ‘Delicious’ apples. HortScience 43:1454–1460. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.43.5.1454
Zhang X, Tang H, Du H, Liu Z, Bao Z, Shi Q (2020) Comparative N-glycoproteome analysis provides novel insights into the regulation mechanism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) during fruit ripening process. Plant Sci 293:110413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110413
Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by a grant from the 2018 Research Fund (PJ01190804) of the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Ms. Hnin Phyu Lwin was supported by the Chung-Ang University Young Scientist Scholarship (CAYSS) in 2018 for her Ph.D. program. We thank Ms. Si-Eun Byeon at the Division of Special-purpose Trees, National Institute of Forest Science, and Ms. Boyeon Kim at Chung-Ang University for their technical assistance and support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
HPL Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing, Revision. JL Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing, Reviewing & Editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Communicated by Eun Jin Lee
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lwin, H.P., Lee, J. Differential effects of preharvest sprayable 1-methylcyclopropene application on fruit quality attributes and major targeted metabolites in cold-stored ‘Chuhwangbae’ pears. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 62, 53–61 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00289-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00289-9