Abstract
Digitalis purpurea L. is a perennial medicinal herb containing high concentrations of secondary metabolites like cardiac glycosides with extensive therapeutic use. This study aimed to evaluate the induction of secondary metabolites in D. purpurea by applying polyamines as elicitors in suspension cultures. Toward this aim, different explants of D. purpurea including leaf, petiole, and root were first cultured in MS30 medium, then, the potential of callus formation was investigated by applying 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) hormones as inducers. The induction of secondary metabolites by different elicitors in suspension cell culture was assessed by applying 50 and 100 mg.L−1 of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM), and 50, 100, and 200 μM concentrations of Methyl jasmonate (MJ), respectively. All the experiments were performed as factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that the application of hormone on leaf explants had a significant effect on callus induction. The highest fresh and dry weights of callus were obtained by leaf explant with 2 mg.L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg.L−1 2,4-D. Moreover, SPD and MJ significantly increased the phenol content, antioxidant activities, cardenolides, and digitoxin contents of the callus in suspension cell culture at the concentrations of 100 mg.L−1 and 50 µM, respectively in compared to control. Therefore, the application of SPD and MJ in suspension culture had an inhibitory and additive effect on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of D. purpurea.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BAP:
-
Benzylaminopurine
- NAA:
-
Naphthaleneacetic acid
- MJ:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- PUT:
-
Putrescine
- SPD:
-
Spermidine
- SPM:
-
Spermine
- CRD:
-
Completely randomized design
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Acknowledgements
We thank the research group of the Department of Cultivation and Development of Medicinal Plants for making their laboratory facilities and equipment available to us in the Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran, and Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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MM carried out the experiment and collected available literature and prepared the first draft of the manuscript with support from VA, and PM, FR, and AM analyzed the statistical data and verified the accuracy of the tests; VA designed the model and the computational framework and he was also responsible for the correspondence; PM and FR and AM edited the manuscript as phytochemical consultants.
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Rad, M.M., Abdossi, V., Moradi, P. et al. Phytochemical changes of Digitalis purpurea L. in response to polyamines and methyl jasmonate application in callus culture. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 31, 310–319 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00678-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00678-w