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Elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may be protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone which has been ascribed a positive role in cardiovascular function. However, little is known about the association between GIP and microvascular complications including retina and kidney. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between fasting serum GIP and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed in 295 T2DM patients in our endocrine ward in order to investigate the relationship between fasting serum GIP and microvascular complications.

Results

Among the 295 T2DM patients, the levels of median fasting serum GIP of all were 431.36pg/ml, interquartile range of which were 333.26~531.96pg/ml and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) were 37.63% and 38.64% respectively. Our study observed that the prevalence of DR was significantly higher in low-levels GIP group compared with those in high-levels GIP group (p=0.007) (46.26% versus 31.08%) and the levels of fasting serum GIP were also higher in T2DM patients without DR than those with DR (p=0.019) (440.99pg/ml versus 405.90pg/ml). Spearman’s correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that prevalence of DR was independently and negatively correlated with fasting serum GIP in T2DM (r=−0.134, p=0.021) (DR,β= −0.279; 95% CI, −0.512~−0.047, p = 0.019). However, there were no differences in fasting serum GIP between non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (p=0.951). Similarly, we did not find any association between fasting serum GIP and prevalence of DN by using various statistical analyses.

Conclusions

Prevalence of DR was independently and negatively correlated with fasting serum GIP in T2DM, indicating that elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may act as protective factors for DR.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was supported by Science and Technology project of Fujian Provincial Department (2019J01166), Innovative Medical Research Project of Fujian Province (2018-CX-33), and High-level Talent Program of Science and Technology project of Quanzhou (2018C044R).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China

    LingHong Huang

  2. Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China

    LingHong Huang, JingXiong Zhou, Bo Liang, HuiBin Huang & LiangYi Li

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  1. LingHong Huang
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  2. JingXiong Zhou
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Correspondence to HuiBin Huang or LiangYi Li.

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The research protocol was approved by the local Bioethics Committee.

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Huang, L., Zhou, J., Liang, B. et al. Elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may be protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 41, 543–552 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-021-00940-w

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