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Experimental investigation of mechanical and physical properties of coconut shell and eggshell filler-based bio-fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

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Abstract

Synthetic plastic pollution has focussed the attention of material scientist and researchers towards the development of non-toxic biodegradable composite materials. To develop bio-composites, sustainable products and materials should be encouraged with involvement of non-toxic raw materials. Exploration of bio-composites development imparts the attention of researchers towards nature-based resources. This study gives a brief role of natural fibers, animal and plant wastages, and polymer to develop composite materials. In this study, fabrication of bio-composites was done by the reinforcement of ramie and kenaf fibers with eggshell and coconut shell powders with epoxy polymer matrix using hand lay-up technique. Present research includes moisture uptake capacity, density and surface roughness measurement, and mechanical characterization of developed composite specimens. Kenaf/coconut shell powder/epoxy composite absorbed more water than other developed specimens. Similarly, kenaf reinforced nanocomposite has slightly higher surface roughness than ramie reinforced nanocomposite with eggshell and coconut shell powders. Ramie/epoxy/coconut shell had the highest tensile strength of 42.3 MPa. Kenaf/epoxy/coconut shell achieved the highest tensile modulus of 1.97 MPa, and kenaf/epoxy/eggshell had highest elongation at break of 3.6% as compared to all other developed specimens. Flexural strength was highest for ramie/epoxy/coconut shell at 30.5 MPa. Impact strength was also highest for ramie/epoxy/coconut shell at 8.9 kJ/m2. From the SEM analysis, it was found that kenaf fiber reinforced specimens are more damaged when compared to ramie fiber reinforced specimens due to rough surface and better wettability of ramie fiber which provided better interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix phase hence. Thus, it was observed that ramie fiber reinforced with coconut shell and eggshell powder achieved better performance during mechanical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.S.E.T., Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India

    Sidharth Radhakrishnan, Jalaparthi Sai Krishna, Sumit Gupta, Pallav Gupta & Vijay Chaudhary

  2. Lloyd Institute of Engineering & Technology, Knowledge Park II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India

    Shashi Prakash Dwivedi

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  1. Sidharth Radhakrishnan
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SR and JSK: writing—original manuscript; VC, PG, and SG: ideas, conceptualization, supervision; AK: writing—SPD.

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Correspondence to Sumit Gupta or Vijay Chaudhary.

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Radhakrishnan, S., Krishna, J.S., Dwivedi, S.P. et al. Experimental investigation of mechanical and physical properties of coconut shell and eggshell filler-based bio-fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-05037-4

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