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Eco-friendly antifoulants from seaweeds by in vitro and in vivo experiments and secondary metabolites profiling

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Abstract

The antifouling potential of crude organic extracts from five seaweed species collected at the Rameswaram coastal region at Pamban station, Tamil Nadu, has been screened for antifouling activity. Five different species of seaweeds such as two Chlorophyceae (Ulva fasciata and Halimeda tuna), one Rhodophyceae (Portieria hornemanni), and two Phaeophyceae (Padina boergesenii and Turbinaria ornata) did not exhibit fouling inhibition. From the marine macroalgae that displayed antifouling activity, P. hornemanni has shown better results when compared to that of other species. The seaweed extracts were tested in laboratory assays against the marine fouling bacteria’s such as B. mycoides, B. fluxes, B. cereus, B. vietnamensis, and P. stutzeri. The GC–MS profile of P. hornemanni suggested the purified fraction is primarily composed of a total of 15 compounds recorded. The maximum byssal thread inhibition of the green mussel Perna viridis was inhibited by the methanol and chloroform extract of P. hornemannii, and the methanol extract of the MIC was found to be 154 8.07 g/ml, followed by EC50 73 ± 3.54 g/ml, respectively. The MIC was determined to be 124 ± 6.54 g/ml in chloroform extract, while the EC50 was determined to be 59 ± 6.74 g/ml. The phytochemical constituents were recorded in methanol extracts except for glycosides and tannins, and the results showed that alkalods, flavnoids, terpenoids, triterpenes, and phenols were found to be 116.6, 72.54, 97.12, 66.34, and 99.78 µg/mg respectively. Which could have a functional role in the chemical defense against marine fouling organisms, and it could be utilized for the improvement of ideal antifoulants in the future.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author MK is thankful to the Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai, for providing the lab facilities for doing research work, and ME is thankful to CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, for providing the lab facilities for doing research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biology, Sethupathi Government Arts College, Achundanvayel, 623502, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India

    Manickam Elangovan

  2. CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India

    Perumal Anantharaman

  3. Department of Infrastrcuture Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Deemed University, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Kavisri

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  1. Manickam Elangovan
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Contributions

M. Kavisri: conceptualization, supervision, data curation, review & editing, funding acquisition, writing—original draft. M. Elangovan: methodology, investigation, resources and formal analysis: conceptualization, supervision, review & editing P. Anantharaman and Ragi: supervision, review & editing.

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Correspondence to M. Kavisri.

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Highlights

• Fouling microbes were isolated from panels and identified by molecular level.

• Secondary metabolites have shown non-toxic anti micro and macro fouling effect in lower dose.

• Several active metabolites were quantified and identified by phytochemical screening and GC-MC analysis.

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Manickam Elangovan, Perumal Anantharaman & M. Kavisri Eco-friendly antifoulants from seaweeds by in vitro and in vivo experiments and secondary metabolites profiling. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04485-2

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